Engineering Papers⌕ Search

Engineering topics

Smets, R.

Publications and source records attributed to Smets, R..

Interplay between the non-resonant streaming instability and self-generated pressure anisotropies

The non-thermal particles escaping from collision-less shocks into the surrounding medium can trigger a non-resonant streaming instability that converts parts of their drift kinetic energy into large amplitude magnetic field perturbations, and promote the confinement and acceleration of high energy cosmic rays. We present simulations of the instability using an hybrid-Particle-in-Cell approach including Monte Carlo collisions, and demonstrate that the development of the non-resonant mode is associated with important ion pressure anisotropies in the background plasma. Depending on the initial conditions, the anisotropies may act on the instability by lowering its growth and trigger secondary micro-instabilities. Introducing collisions with neutrals yield a strong reduction of the magnetic field amplification as predicted by linear fluid theory. In contrast, Coulomb collisions in fully ionized plasmas are found to mitigate the self-generated pressure anisotropies and promote the growth of the magnetic field.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Three-dimensional Simulations and Spacecraft Observations of Sub-ion Scale Turbulence in the Solar Wind: Influence of Landau Damping

Three-dimensional nonlinear finite Larmor radius (FLR)–Landau fluid simulations, which include some small-scale (k{sub ⊥}ρ{sub i}≳1) kinetic effects, are performed to explore the nature of the sub-ion scale turbulence in the solar wind and to investigate the role of Landau damping and FLR corrections. The resulting steady-state magnetic power spectrum in the dispersive range display exponents that vary within a range of values compatible with statistical results reported from in situ spacecraft measurements of solar wind turbulence as well as from gyrokinetic simulations. The spectral slopes are shown to depend on the strength of the nonlinear effects and on the scale at which turbulent fluctuations are driven in the simulations. The influence of Landau damping is addressed by comparison with simulations where the double-adiabatic closure is imposed. The role of FLR corrections is also analyzed. Comparison with in situ observations in the solar wind are performed to enlighten the influence of the fluctuations power at different scales on the spectral slopes in the sub-ion range. Using diagnosis of both magnetic compressibility and frequency-wavenumber spectra, it is shown that in spite of the evidence of the presence of fast-magnetosonic modes, the magnetic energy is mostly distributed around the kinetic Alfvén waves and the slow modes, in agreement with solar wind measurements. The observed large broadening about the linear dispersion relations may reflect the presence of coherent structures.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Plasma Diffusion in Self-Consistent Fluctuations

The problem of particle diffusion in position space, as a consequence ofeleclromagnetic fluctuations is addressed. Numerical results obtained with a self-consistent hybrid code are presented, and a method to calculate diffusion coefficient in the direction perpendicular to the mean magnetic field is proposed. The diffusion is estimated for two different types of fluctuations. The first type (resuiting from an agyrotropic in itiai setting)is stationary, wide band white noise, and associated to Gaussian probability distribution function for the magnetic fluctuations. The second type (result ing from a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability) is non-stationary, with a power-law spectrum, and a non-Gaussian probabi lity distribution function. The results of the study allow revisiting the question of loading particles of solar wind origin in the Earth magnetosphere.

Smets, R.↗