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Silberberg, Rein

Publications and source records attributed to Silberberg, Rein.

Comparison of distributed reacceleration and leaky-box models of cosmic-ray abundances (Z = 3-28)

A large collection of elemental and isotopic cosmic-ray data has been analyzed using the leaky-box transport model with and without reacceleration in the interstellar medium. Abundances of isotopes and elements with charges Z = 3-28 and energies E = 10 MeV/nucleon-1 TeV/nucleon were explored. Our results demonstrate that reacceleration models make detailed and accurate predictions with the same number of parameters or fewer as standard leaky-box models. Ad hoc fitting parameters in the standard model are replaced by astrophysically significant reacceleration parameters. Distributed reacceleration models explain the peak in secondary-to-primary ratios around 1 GeV/nucleon. They diminish the discrepancy between rigidity-dependent leakage and energy-independent anisotropy. They also offer the possibility of understanding isotopic anomalies at low energy.

Letaw, John R.↗

Natural radiation hazards on the manned Mars mission

The hazards of the natural radiation environment (cosmic rays and solar energetic particles) on a manned mission to Mars are considered. These hazards are addressed in three different settings: the flight to Mars where the astronauts are shielded only by the spacecraft; on the surface of Mars under an atmosphere of about 10 g/sq cm carbon dioxide; and under the surface of Mars where additional shielding would result.

Letaw, John R.↗

Distributed reacceleration of cosmic rays

A model is developed in which cosmic rays, in addition to their initial acceleration by a strong shock, are continuously reaccelerated while propagating through the Galaxy. The equations describing this acceleration scheme are solved analytically and numerically. Solutions for the spectra of primary and secondary cosmic rays are given in a closed analytic form, allowing a rapid search in parameter space for viable propagation models with distributed reeacceleration included. The observed boron-to-carbon ratio can be reproduced by the reacceleration theory over a range of escape parameters, some of them quite different from the standard leaky-box model. It is also shown that even a very modest amount of reacceleration by strong shocks causes the boron-to-carbon ratio to level off at sufficiently high energies.

Wandel, Amri↗