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Shi, Ying

Publications and source records attributed to Shi, Ying.

At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Spectrum of chronic kidney disease in China: A national study based on hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2015

ABSTRACT Aim To investigate the spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. Methods We used a large national in‐patient database covering 878 class three hospitals and involving 64.7 million adult patients in China from 2010 to 2015. The class 3 hospital in China is ranked as the top tier of medical system in China with at least 500 beds and the accreditation from health authorities. The specific causes of CKD were extracted from the International Classification of Diseases‐10 codes of discharge diagnoses. Results A total of 4.5% of hospitalized patients (1.8 million) were identified as CKD, with an increased percentage from 2010 (3.7%) to 2015 (4.7%). Increasing trends of diabetic kidney disease and hypertensive nephropathy were observed from 2010 to 2015 (19.5% vs 24.3% and 11.5% vs 15.9%, respectively), especially for urban residents from north China. The proportion of obstructive nephropathy also increased gradually (10.3% in 2010 vs 15.6% in 2015) and constituted another important cause of CKD for patients, especially for those from south China and rural residents. Conclusion The spectrum of CKD is changing in China, with variations over time and geographic regions, which has implication regarding developing the prevention strategy of CKD.

Huang, Yu‐Ming↗
DOE OSTI2019

From Battery Cell to Electrodes: Real-time Estimation of Charge and Health of Individual Battery Electrodes

Correct information of battery internal variables is crucial for health-conscious and optimal battery management. Because of lack of measurements, advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) rely heavily on estimation algorithms that provide such internal information. Although algorithms for cell-level charge and health estimation have been widely explored in literature, algorithms for electrode-level quantities are almost non-existent. The main obstacle in electrode-level estimation is the observability problem where the individual electrode states are not observable from terminal voltage output. However, if available, real-time feedback of electrode-level charge and health can be highly beneficial in maximizing energy utilization and battery life. Motivated by this scenario, we propose a real-time algorithm that estimates the available charge and health of individual electrodes. We halt the aforementioned observability problem by proposing an uncertain model-based cascaded estimation framework. The design and analysis of the proposed scheme are aided by a combination of Lyapunov's stability theory, adaptive observer theory, and interconnected systems theory. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of the estimation scheme by performing extensive simulation and experimental studies.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Degradation Mechanisms of High Capacity 18650 Cells Containing Si-Graphite Anode and Nickel-Rich NMC Cathode

Application of advanced anode and cathode materials in commercial lithium-ion batteries is attracting attention due to their high capacity. Silicon (Si)/graphite anodes and nickel (Ni)-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide with layered structures have been paired in commercial 18650 high energy density cells (~270 Wh/kg). It is crucial to investigate the cell performance and the aging behavior of this commercial cell. In this study, we present commercial cell degradation mechanisms by comparing fresh and aged electrodes, including changes of crystal structure, morphology, elemental composition, and electrochemical properties. The quantitative analysis was done based on dV/dQ incremental capacity analysis of 18650 cells. To determine the amount of cyclable lithium ions (Li + ) and active material loss, the lithiation and delithiation capacity were compared for fresh and aged electrodes in half coin cells. Results showed that even with 5% (by mass) of Si added in the anode, cracks occurred across the anode leading to contact loss and thickening of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Additionally, the average fluorine (F) ratio of the aged anodes was higher compared to that of the fresh anodes. More severely, the F content on the Si aggregations on aged anodes increased to as high as 5 times that of the fresh anode, indicating SEI growth, especially on Si particles. Solid 7 Li nuclear magnetic resonance results showed no detectable Li metal deposition on the aged anode. On the cathode side, cracks on the primary particle interfaces contributed to cathode material loss, contact loss, and impedance rise. Furthermore, Li + loss into the thickened SEI layer, particle cracking, and impedance rise are the main reasons behind cell degradation.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Value Streams from Distribution Grid Support Using Utility-Scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: NREL-Sumitomo Electric Battery Demonstration Project

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) collaborated with Sumitomo Electric to provide research support in modeling and optimally dispatching a utility-scale vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) energy storage. The objective of the project was to identify value streams from using utility-scale VRFB for local grid support use-cases, including voltage regulation (droop), capacity firming, peak shaving and valley filling, and energy arbitrage. This project was also supported by San Diego Gas and Electric (SDGandE). SDGandE provided data and approval to operate their VRFB energy storage system on an SDGandE distribution feeder. NREL worked with Sumitomo Electric to evaluate optimal dispatch strategies to VRFB, analyze the technical impacts, and calculate the associated cost-benefit ratio of substation-level energy storage on an SDG&E distribution feeder. To support this research, NREL evaluated the impacts of the battery use cases suggested by Sumitomo on the SDGandE host feeder. In addition to evaluating the battery use case, this effort identified possible ways to monetize the benefits from distribution feeder support.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2018

In situ measurements of reactions in a glass-forming batch by X-ray and neutron diffraction

We report the batch materials used in glass production are often too coarse to allow phase evolution measurements by in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction (HTXRD). Reducing the particle sizes to accommodate these measurements changes the reaction kinetics and can alter the reaction pathway. Unlike conventional laboratory XRD, which operates in reflection mode and analyzes the surface region of finely ground powder, neutron diffraction can be used to characterize as-received batch materials by means of an intense beam which penetrates through a bulk sample. In this study, the phase evolution in a glass-forming batch made with fine batch materials was probed in situ by both HTXRD and time-of-flight neutron diffraction to determine the similarities and differences between measurements by the two techniques. Therefore, the same composition, prepared using the coarser, as-received size distributions of the same batch materials, was studied by both techniques, demonstrating the unique capability of neutron diffraction to analyze material which is too coarse for the HTXRD, and to reveal the effect of the particle size distribution on the reaction kinetics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Life Prediction of Large Lithium-Ion Battery Packs with Active and Passive Balancing

Lithium-ion battery packs take a major part of large-scale stationary energy storage systems. One challenge in reducing battery pack cost is to reduce pack size without compromising pack service performance and lifespan. Prognostic life model can be a powerful tool to handle the state of health (SOH) estimate and enable active life balancing strategy to reduce cell imbalance and extend pack life. This work proposed a life model using both empirical and physical-based approaches. The life model described the compounding effect of different degradations on the entire cell with an empirical model. Then its lower-level submodels considered the complex physical links between testing statistics (state of charge level, C-rate level, duty cycles, etc.) and the degradation reaction rates with respect to specific aging mechanisms. The hybrid approach made the life model generic, robust and stable regardless of battery chemistry and application usage. The model was validated with a custom pack with both passive and active balancing systems implemented, which created four different aging paths in the pack. The life model successfully captured the aging trajectories of all four paths. The life model prediction errors on capacity fade and resistance growth were within +/-3% and +/-5% of the experiment measurements.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Modeling Stationary Lithium-Ion Batteries for Optimization and Predictive Control

Accurately modeling stationary battery storage behavior is crucial to understand and predict its limitations in demand-side management scenarios. In this paper, a lithium-ion battery model was derived to estimate lifetime and state-of-charge for building-integrated use cases. The proposed battery model aims to balance speed and accuracy when modeling battery behavior for real-time predictive control and optimization. In order to achieve these goals, a mixed modeling approach was taken, which incorporates regression fits to experimental data and an equivalent circuit to model battery behavior. A comparison of the proposed battery model output to actual data from the manufacturer validates the modeling approach taken in the paper. Additionally, a dynamic test case demonstrates the effects of using regression models to represent internal resistance and capacity fading.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

Energy Storage Annual Progress Report for FY15

The Energy Storage research and development (R&D) subprogram within the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) provides support and guidance for projects focusing on batteries for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in support of the EV Everywhere Grand Challenge. PEVs could have a significant impact on the nation's goal of reducing dependence on imported oil and gaseous pollutant emissions. The Energy Storage program targets overcoming technical barriers to enable market success, including: (1) significantly reducing battery cost; (2) increasing battery performance (power, energy, durability); (3) reducing battery weight and volume; and (4) increasing battery tolerance to abusive conditions such as short circuit, overcharge, and crush. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) supports the VTO's Energy Storage program by evaluating the thermal performance of cells and packs, developing electrochemical-thermal models to accelerate the design cycle for developing batteries, investigating the behavior of lithium-ion batteries under abuse conditions such as crush, enhancing the durability of electrodes by coatings such as atomic layer deposition, synthesis of materials for higher energy density batteries, and conducting techno-economic analysis of batteries in various electric-drive vehicles. This report describes the progress made by NREL on the research and development projects funded by the DOE VTO Energy Storage subprogram in FY15.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Endothelial ATP-binding cassette G1 in mouse endothelium protects against hemodynamic-induced atherosclerosis

Activated vascular endothelium inflammation under persistent hyperlipidemia is the initial step of atherogenesis. ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) is a crucial factor maintaining sterol and lipid homeostasis by transporting cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of ABCG1 in endothelial inflammation activation during early-stage atherogenesis in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Endothelial cell (EC)-specific ABCG1 transgenic (EC-ABCG1-Tg) mice were generated and cross-bred with low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient (Ldlr{sup −/−}) mice. After a 4-week Western-type diet, the mice were sacrificed for assessing atherosclerosis. Human umbilical vein ECs were treated with different flows, and ABCG1 was adenovirally overexpressed to investigate the mechanism in vitro. Compared with Ldlr{sup −/−} mouse aortas, EC-ABCG1-Tg/Ldlr{sup −/−} aortas showed decreased early-stage lesions. Furthermore, the lesion area in the EC-ABCG1-Tg/Ldlr{sup −/−} mouse aortic arch but not thoracic aorta was significantly reduced, which suggests a protective role of ABCG1 under atheroprone flow. In vitro, overexpression of ABCG1 attenuated EC activation caused by oscillatory shear stress. Overexpression of ABCG1 blunted cholesterol-activated ECs in vitro. In exploring the mechanisms of ABCG1 attenuating endothelial inflammation, we found that ABCG1 inhibited oscillatory flow-activated nuclear factor kappa B and NLRP3 inflammasome in ECs. ABCG1 may play a protective role in early-stage atherosclerosis by reducing endothelial activation induced by oscillatory shear stress via suppressing the inflammatory response. - Highlights: • EC-ABCG1-Tg mice in a Ldlr{sup −/−} background showed decreased atherosclerosis. • Overexpression of ABCG1 in ECs decreased OSS-induced EC activation. • NLRP3 and NF-κB might be an underlying mechanism of ABCG1 protective role.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Optimal Battery Utilization Over Lifetime for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle to Maximize Fuel Economy

This paper presents a control strategy to maximize fuel economy of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle over a target life of the battery. Many approaches to maximizing fuel economy of parallel hybrid electric vehicle do not consider the effect of control strategy on the life of the battery. This leads to an oversized and underutilized battery. There is a trade-off between how aggressively to use and 'consume' the battery versus to use the engine and consume fuel. The proposed approach addresses this trade-off by exploiting the differences in the fast dynamics of vehicle power management and slow dynamics of battery aging. The control strategy is separated into two parts, (1) Predictive Battery Management (PBM), and (2) Predictive Power Management (PPM). PBM is the higher level control with slow update rate, e.g. once per month, responsible for generating optimal set points for PPM. The considered set points in this paper are the battery power limits and State Of Charge (SOC). The problem of finding the optimal set points over the target battery life that minimize engine fuel consumption is solved using dynamic programming. PPM is the lower level control with high update rate, e.g. a second, responsible for generating the optimal HEV energy management controls and is implemented using model predictive control approach. The PPM objective is to find the engine and battery power commands to achieve the best fuel economy given the battery power and SOC constraints imposed by PBM. Simulation results with a medium duty commercial hybrid electric vehicle and the proposed two-level hierarchical control strategy show that the HEV fuel economy is maximized while meeting a specified target battery life. On the other hand, the optimal unconstrained control strategy achieves marginally higher fuel economy, but fails to meet the target battery life.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Optimizing Battery Usage and Management for Long Life

This presentation discusses the impact of system design factors on battery aging and end of life. Topics include sizing of the SOC operating window, cell balancing and thermal management systems and their value in reducing pack degradation rates and cell imbalance growth over lifetime.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Battery Thermal Characterization

This poster shows the progress in battery thermal characterization over the previous year. NREL collaborated with U.S. DRIVE and USABC battery developers to obtain thermal properties of their batteries, obtained heat capacity and heat generation of cells under various power profiles, obtained thermal images of the cells under various drive cycles, and used the measured results to validate thermal models. Thermal properties are used for the thermal analysis and design of improved battery thermal management systems to support achieve life and performance targets.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Model-Based Design and Integration of Large Li-ion Battery Systems

This presentation introduces physics-based models of batteries and software toolsets, including those developed by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Computer-Aided Engineering for Electric-Drive Vehicle Batteries Program (CAEBAT). The presentation highlights achievements and gaps in model-based tools for materials-to-systems design, lifetime prediction and control.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗