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Serafini, T. T.

Publications and source records attributed to Serafini, T. T..

At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Preparation of polyimides from mixtures of monomeric diamines and esters of polycarboxylic acids

Polyimides having high thermal and oxidative stability are prepared by the reaction of a mixture of monomers comprising (1) a dialkyl or tetraalkyl ester of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid; (2) an aromatic diamine; and (3) a monoalkyl or dialkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid where in the ratio of a:b:c is n:(n+1):2, wherein n has a value from 1 to 20. The mixture of monomers is prepared in a 30 to 70 percent by weight solution of an organic solvent, a substrate impregnated with the solution and heated at 50 to 205 C to remove said solvent and form a low molecular weight prepolymer, and thereafter heated at 275 to 350 C to cure to a high molecular weight polyimide.

Serafini, T. T.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Processable high temperature resistant addition type polyimide laminating resins

Basic studies that were performed using model compounds to elucidate the polymerization mechanism of the so-called addition-type (A-type) polyimides are reviewed. The fabrication and properties of polyimide/graphite fiber composites using A-type polyimide prepolymers as the matrix are also reviewed. An alternate method for preparing processable A-type polyimides by means of in situ polymerization of monomer reactants (PMR) on the fiber reinforcement is described. The elevated temperature properties of A-type PMR/graphite fiber composites are also presented.

Serafini, T. T.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Material and structural studies of metal and polymer matrix composites

Fiber-reinforced composites and design analysis methods for these materials are being developed because of the vast potential of composites for decreasing weight and/or increasing use temperature capability in aerospace systems. These composites have potential for use in airbreathing engine components as well as aeronautical and space vehicle structures. Refractory wire-superalloy composites for use up to 2200 F or more and metal-matrix composites for lower temperature applications such as aerospace structures and turbojet fan and compressor blades are under investigation and are discussed. The development of a number of resin systems, including the polyimides and polyphenylquinoxalines, is described and their potential for use at temperatures approaching 315 C (600 F) is indicated. Various molecular modifications that improve processability and/or increase thermal and oxidative resistance of the resins are also described. Structural analysis methods are discussed for determining the stresses and deformations in complex composite systems. Consideration is also given to residual stresses resulting from the curing process and to the foreign object damage problem in fan blade applications.

Signorelli, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Technique for the polymerization of monomers for PPQ/graphite fiber composites

Impregnation of fiber prior to appreciable polymerization completely eliminates impregnation problems encountered with use of high viscosity high molecular weight polyphenylquinoxalines (PPQ) solutions. Major part of polymerization of reactant mixture is conducted on fiber during solvent removal and final curing stages.

Serafini, T. T.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Criteria for selecting resin matrices for improved composite strength

Criteria are presented which can be used a priori to select matrices to yield composites with improved unidirectional strength. The criteria evolved from an investigation including both theoretical and experimental efforts. Composite micromechanics were used in conjunction with suitable experiments and reference data to identify those matrix properties which influence composite strength properties. Composites of graphite fibers and low, intermediate and high-modulus resins were investigated. It was found that the area under the matrix stress/strain diagram limited to one percent strain is a good index for an a priori assessment of the matrix contribution to composite strength. The corresponding initial modulus is a useful parameter in translating matrix properties to composite properties. Matrix properties such as ultimate strength, ultimate elongation, toughness, and fracture toughness are misleading in translating matrix properties to composite strength.

Chamis, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

In situ polymerization of monomers for polyphenylquinoxaline/graphite

Methods currently used to prepare fiber reinforced, high temperature resistant polyphenylquinoxaline (PPQ) composites employ extremely viscous, low solids content solutions of high molecular weight PPQ polymers. An improved approach, described in this report, consists of impregnating the fiber with a solution of the appropriate monomers instead of a solution of previously synthesized high molecular weight polymer. Polymerization of the monomers occurs in situ on the fiber during the solvent removal and curing stages. The in situ polymerization approach greatly simplifies the fabrication of PPQ graphite fiber composites. The use of low viscosity monomeric type solutions facilitates fiber wetting, permits a high solids content, and eliminates the need for prior polymer synthesis.

Serafini, T. T.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Criteria for selecting resin matrices for improved composite strength.

Criteria are presented which can be used a priori to select matrices to yield composites with improved unidirectional strength. The criteria evolved from an investigation including both theoretical and experimental efforts. Composite micromechanics were used in conjunction with suitable experiments and reference data to identify those matrix properties which influence composite strength properties. Composites of graphite fibers and low, intermediate and high-modulus resins were investigated. It was found that the area under the matrix stress/strain diagram limited to one percent strain is a good index for an a priori assessment of the matrix contribution to composite strength. The corresponding initial modulus is a useful parameter in translating matrix properties to composite properties.

Chamis, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

A review of processable high temperature resistant addition-type laminating resins

An important finding that resulted from research that was conducted to develop improved ablative resins was the discovery of a novel approach to synthesize processable high temperature resistant polymers. Low molecular weight polyimide prepolymers end-capped with norbornene groups were polymerized into thermo-oxidatively stable modified polyimides without the evolution of void producing volatile materials. This paper reviews basic studies that were performed using model compounds to elucidate the polymerization mechanism of the so-called addition-type polyimides. The fabrication and properties of polyimide/graphite fiber composites using A-type polyimide prepolymer as the matrix are described. An alternate method for preparing processable A-type polyimides by means of in situ polymerization of monomeric reactants on the fiber reinforcement is also described. Polyimide/graphite fiber composite performance at elevated temperatures is presented for A-type polyimides.

Serafini, T. T.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Material and structural studies of metal and polymer matrix composites.

Research directed toward the application of fiber composites to aeronautical and space vehicle systems indicates that resin/fiber composites can be developed for service at 315 C for several thousand hours and at 370 C for a few hundred hours. The retention of resin/fiber strength at these high temperatures can be achieved by modifying the polymer molecular structure or by developing new processing techniques, or both. Carbon monofilament with attractive strength values has been produced and fabrication studies to reinforce aluminum with such monofilaments have been initiated. Refractory wire-superalloy composites have demonstrated sufficiently high strength and impact values to suggest that they have potential for application to turbine blades at temperatures to 1200 C and above.

Signorelli, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Equations to assess the impact resistance of fiber composites

Numerical analysis of impact resistance of composite materials containing fibers is discussed. Mathematical model of longitudinal impact resistance is presented. Potential impact resistance of various fiber composites as obtained by numerical analysis is presented as plotted curve.

Chamis, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Addition-type polyimides from solutions of monomeric reactants

The monomeric reactants approach was used to fabricate addition-type polyimide/graphite fiber composites with improved mechanical properties and thermal stability characteristics over those of composites derived from addition-type amide acid prepolymers. A screening study of 24 different monomer combinations was performed. The results of a more extensive investigation of a selected number of monomer combinations showed that the combination providing the best thermomechanical properties was 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester/4,4'-methylenedianiline/3,3'4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dimethyl ester at a molar ratio of 2/3.09/2.09.

Delvigs, P.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Thermally stable polyimides from solutions of monomeric reactants

A method for preparing thermally stable resin-fiber-reinforced composites by using solutions of appropriate monomers is described. Solutions containing a dimethyl ester of an aryl tetracarboxylic acid, the monomethyl ester of nadic acid, and an aryl diamine were used to impregnate graphite fibers. Composites fabricated from these prepregs exhibited excellent thermo-oxidative stability and retention of mechanical properties at 315 C (600 F). These results compare favorably to those obtained from composites made from amide-acid prepolymers capped with reactive alicyclic rings. Monomeric solutions provide excellent shelf life and improved solubility compared to amide-acid prepolymer solutions.

Serafini, T. T.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Addition-type polyimides from solutions of monomeric reactants

The monomeric reactants approach was used to fabricate addition-type polyimide/graphite fiber composites with improved mechanical properties and thermal stability characteristics over those of composites derived from addition-type amide acid prepolymers. A screening study of 24 different monomer combinations was performed. The results of a more extensive investigation of a selected number of monomer combinations showed that the combination providing the best thermomechanical properties was 5-norbornene-2.3-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester/4,4(')-methylenedianiline/3,3(')4,4(')-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dimethyl ester at a molar ratio of 2/3.09/2.09.

Delvigs, P.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Material and structural studies of metal and polymer matrix composites

The application of fiber composites to aeronautical and space vehicle systems indicates the following: It appears quite probable that resin/fiber composites can be developed for service at 315 C for several thousand hours and at 370 C for a few hundred hours. The retention of resin/fiber strength at these high temperatures can be achieved by modifying the polymer molecular structure or by developing new processing techniques, or both. Carbon monofilament with attractive strength values has been produced and fabrication studies to reinforce aluminum with such monofilaments have been initiated. Refractory wire-superalloy composites have demonstrated sufficiently high strength and impact values to suggest that they have potential for application to turbine blades at temperatures to 1200 C and above.

Signorelli, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Impact resistance of unidirectional fiber composites.

Composite micromechanics and macromechanics and the miniature Izod impact test are used to investigate the impact resistance of unidirectional composites. Several composite systems are examined both theoretically and experimentally. The composites are classified theoretically with respect to their impact resistance for longitudinal, transverse, and shear modes. Experimental results are reported only for Izod impact with the fibers either parallel or transverse to the cantilever longitudinal axis. Impact resistance design criteria which evolved during this investigation are used to design hybrid composites with improved impact resistance. The results show that in situ fiber and matrix elongation to fracture, matrix modulus, fabrication process, fiber and void volume ratios, and microresidual stresses are variables which affect the impact resistance.

Chamis, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Addition-type polyimides from solutions of monomeric reactants.

The monomeric reactants approach was used to fabricate addition-type polyimide/graphite fiber composites with improved mechanical properties and thermal stability characteristics over those of composites derived from addition-type amide acid prepolymers. A screening study of 24 different monomer combinations was performed. The results of a more extensive investigation of a selected number of monomer combinations showed that the combination providing the best thermomechanical properties was 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester/4,4'-methylenedianiline/3,3'4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dimethyl ester at a molar ratio of 2/3.09/2.09.

Delvigs, P.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Effects of thermal and environmental exposure on the mechanical properties of graphite/polyimide composites

Composites were exposed in circulating and static air environments up to 589 K for a maximum of 1000 hours. Composites of HT-S, HM-S, Thornel 50S, and Fortafil 5-Y fiber and a new addition type polyimide resin were laminated in a matched-die mold. Flexural strengths, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strengths were determined at 297, 533, and 598 K after various durations of exposure. Composite and fiber weight loss characteristics were determined by isothermal gravimetric analysis in air. Properties of composites exposed and tested at the environment temperatures were compared with those determined under short-term exposure. A new short beam interlaminar shear fixture is described. Environmental effects of long-term ambient temperature exposure on the elevated temperature mechanical properties of graphite/polyimide composites are presented.

Hanson, M. P.↗