Engineering topics

Schoeberl, Mark

Publications and source records attributed to Schoeberl, Mark.

23 records · Page 2

NASA NTRS2000

The Earth Science Vision

NASA's Earth Science Enterprise's long range vision is to enable the development of a national proactive environmental predictive capability through targeted scientific research and technological innovation. Proactive environmental prediction means the prediction of environmental events and their secondary consequences. These consequences range from disasters and disease outbreak to improved food production and reduced transportation, energy and insurance costs. The economic advantage of this predictive capability will greatly outweigh the cost of development. Developing this predictive capability requires a greatly improved understanding of the earth system and the interaction of the various components of that system. It also requires a change in our approach to gathering data about the earth and a change in our current methodology in processing that data including its delivery to the customers. And, most importantly, it requires a renewed partnership between NASA and its sister agencies. We identify six application themes that summarize the potential of proactive environmental prediction. We also identify four technology themes that articulate our approach to implementing proactive environmental prediction.

Schoeberl, Mark↗

NASA NTRS1998

EOS CHEM: A Mission to Study Ozone and Climate

The Earth's stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which shields us from the Sun@ harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Ozone is destroyed through chemical reactions involving natural and man-made nitrogen, hydrogen, bromine, and chlorine compounds. The release of chlorofluoro-carbons CFCs) has caused a dramatic decrease in the protective stratospheric ozone layer during the last two decades. Detection of stratospheric ozone depletion led to regulation and phase-out of CFC production worldwide. As a result, man-made chlorine levels in the atmosphere are slowly beginning to decrease. CHEM will be able to determine whether the stratospheric ozone layer is now recovering, as predicted by scientific models.

Schoeberl, Mark↗

NASA NTRS1992

The 1991 Antarctic ozone hole - TOMS observations

The 1991 Antarctic springtime ozone decline, as measured by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), was similar to those of earlier deep ozone hole years, 1987, 1989, and 1990. The minimum total ozone value was recorded on October 5, 1991 at 108 Dobson units near the South Pole. This was 8 DU lower than in any of the earlier years. Four of the last five years have exhibited an extensive, deep ozone hole. The area of the hole was about the same as in 1987, 1989, and 1990. The recovery of the low total ozone values occurred in mid-November as the polar vortex broke up.

Krueger, Arlin↗

NASA NTRS1991

The 1990 Antarctica ozone hole as observed by TOMS

The 1990 Antarctic ozone hole matched the record 1987 ozone hole in depth, duration, and area. During the formation phase of the hole (August), total ozone values were the lowest yet recorded. The decline rate approximately matched the record 1987 decline and reached a minimum of 125 Dobson Units on October 4, 1990. October total ozone averages were marginally higher that 1987. As during 1987, the 1990 total ozone values within the hole slowly and steadily increased during the mid-October through November period. The ozone hole breakup was the latest yet recorded (early December), with low ozone values persisting over the pole through December, setting a record low for December average polar ozone. Temperatures were near average during the early spring, but were below normal for the late spring. Temperatures in the early spring of 1990 were substantially warmer than those observed in the early spring of 1987.

Newman, Paul↗

NASA NTRS1990

Total ozone during the 88-89 Northern Hemisphere winter

Total ozone values measured by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer during January, February, and March 1989 are analyzed. During this period, polar total ozone values did not reveal clear depletions, although average winter total ozone values indicate that a 2-6 percent ozone reduction has occurred in northern mid to high latitudes over the last 10 years. Rapid total ozone increases were seen during mid-February, resulting from a wave 2 major stratospheric warming. In order to track polar air over the warming period, total ozone trends are further analyzed using Ertel's potential vorticity.

Newman, Paul↗