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Ruf, C. S.

Publications and source records attributed to Ruf, C. S..

24 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

TOPEX/POSEIDON Microwave Radiometer (TMR): III. Wet Troposphere Range Correction Algorithm and Pre-Launch Error Budget

The sole mission function of the TOPEX/POSEIDON Microwave Radiometer (TMR) is to provide corrections for the altimeter range errors induced by the highly variable atmospheric water vapor content. The three TMR frequencies are shown to be near-optimum for measuring the vapor-induced path delay within an environment of variable cloud cover and variable sea surface flux background. After a review of the underlying physics relevant to the prediction of 5-40 GHz nadir-viewing microwave brightness temperatures, we describe the development of the statistical, iterative algorithm used for the TMR retrieval of path delay. Test simulations are presented which demonstrate the uniformity of algorithm performance over a range of cloud liquid and sea surface wind speed conditions...

Keihm, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

TOPEX/Poseidon Microwave Radiometer (TMR): 1. Instrument Description and Antenna Temperature Calibration

The TOPEX/Poseidon Microwave Radiometer (TMR) is a 3-frequency radiometer flown on the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite in low Earth orbit. It operates at 18, 21 and 37 GHz in a nadir only viewing direction which is co-aligned with the T/P radar altimeters. TMR monitors and corrects for the electrical path delay of the altimeter radar signal due to water vapor and non-precipitating liquid water in the atmosphere. This paper describes the TMR instrument and the radiometric instrument calibration required to derive antenna temperature (T_A) from the raw digital data. T_A precision of 0.4 K is predicted on orbit in all expected thermal environments. T_A accuracy of 0.5-0.6 K is expected following a post-launch field calibration campaign. When uncertainties related to antenna sidelobe corrections are included, this T_A accuracy yields a brightness temperature accuracy of 0.7- 0.8 K...

Ruf, C. S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A synthetic aperture microwave radiometer to measure soil moisture and ocean salinity from space

A concept is presented for a microwave radiometer in space to measure soil moisture and ocean salinity as part of an 'Earth Probe' mission. The measurements could be made using an array of stick antennas. The L-band channel (1.4 GHz) would be the primary channel for determining soil moisture, with the S-band (2.65-GHz) and C-band (5.0-GHz) channels providing ancillary information to help correct for the effects of the vegetation canopy and possibly to estimate a moisture profile. A preliminary study indicates that an orbit at 450 km would provide coverage of better than 95 percent of the earth every 3 days. A 10-km resolution cell (at nadir) requires stick antennas about 9.5-m long at L-band. The S-band and C-band sticks would be substantially shorter (5 m and 2.7 m, respectively).

Le Vine, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radiometer (SAIR)

The aperture size requirements of imaging microwave radiometers in geosynchronous orbit ruled out filled aperture antenna systems below 10 GHz. In the regions 10 to 30 GHz, filled apertures are only marginally practical. The size requirements in turn aggravate the problems with a mechanically steered antenna beam. Both the aperture size and steering problems are resolved with a synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer (SAIR). The SAIR imaging is discussed, along with the requirements of the two-dimensional antenna elements.

Ruf, C. S.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The electronically steered thinned array radiometer

An L-band radiometer which allows global imaging of soil moisture from LEO is discussed. The system consists of an array of antennas with amplifiers, a device to cross-correlate the signals from the antennas, and a process to translate the resulting data into an image of brightness temperature over the field of view. The process is based on a Fourier transform relation that exists between the incident electric field strength as a function of incidence angle and electric fields across the aperture plane of the antenna. The system's image reconstruction technique and signal-to-noise performance are examined.

Ruf, C. S.↗