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Ross, Marc

Publications and source records attributed to Ross, Marc.

The Need for Nb3Sn Coated Cu Cavities for Future Accelerators

Based on current efforts in the U.S. on the novel concept of parallel-feed RF accelerator structures, and in the U.S. and abroad in producing Nb3Sn films on either Cu or bronze, we rec-ommend that the Particle Physics community foster R&D in Superconducting Nb3Sn coated Cu RF Cavities instead of costly bulk Nb. The paper includes methods to process the coated cavi-ties at temperatures consistent with Cu retaining its shape. A devoted global effort in develop-ing Cu cavity structures coated with Nb3Sn would make the ILC or Higgs factories more afforda-ble and more likely to be built. Not only do parallel-feed RF structures enable both higher ac-celerating gradients and higher efficiencies, but they would be applicable to both Cu and Nb3Sn coated Cu cells. Increased effort on these two techniques would synergize expenditures to-wards progress, which will converge on the choice of technology for the RF of an ILC or any fu-ture accelerator. The current methods of Nb3Sn coatings on Cu or bronze can be geared also towards standard cavity cells. In conclusion, the use of distributed coupling structure topology within improved performance parameters together with Nb3Sn coating technology can lead to a paradigm shift for superconducting linacs, with higher gradient, higher temperature of opera-tion, and reduced overall costs for any future collider.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Evaluation of predictive correlation between flux expulsion and grain growth for superconducting radio frequency cavities

Abstract A series of experiments were carried out in an effort to develop a simple method for predicting the magnetic flux expulsion behavior of high purity niobium used to fabricate superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. Using conventional metallographic characterizations in conjunction with high spatial resolution electron backscattered diffraction-orientation imaging microscopy, we find that the flux expulsion behavior of 1.3 GHz single cell SRF Nb cavities is significantly associated with the grain growth of the Nb material during heat treatment. Most of the Nb grains rapidly grew during 900 °C heat treatment, and were likely full-recrystallized with 1000 °C HT. When compared to the magnetic flux expulsion ratio ( B sc / B nc ) at Δ T = 5 K, the flux expulsion efficiency of the cavities increases with the increase of grain size. Most interestingly, 900 °C HT shows a roughly linear trend that suggests that this criterion could be used to predict the appropriate heat treatment temperature for sufficient flux expulsion behavior in SRF-grade Nb. This result can be used to see if flux expulsion can be predicted by examining the materials coming from Nb vendors, prior to cavity fabrication.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Plasma Processing to Reduce Field Emission in LCLS-II 1.3 GHz SRF Cavities

Plasma cleaning for LCLS-II 9-cell 1.3 GHz cavities is under study at Fermilab. Starting from ORNL method, we have developed a new technique for plasma ignition using HOMs. Plasma processing is being applied to contaminated and field emitting cavities, here are discussed the first results in terms of Q and radiation vs E measured before and after treatment. Further studies are ongoing to optimize plasma parameters and to acquire statistics on plasma cleaning effectiveness.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

The LCLS-II HE High Q and Gradient R&D Program

The LCLS-II HE project is a high energy upgrade to the superconducting LCLS-II linac. It consists of adding twenty additional 1.3 GHz cryomodules to the linac, with cavities operating at a gradient of 20.8 MV/m with a Q₀ of 2.7·10¹⁰. Performance of LCLS-II cryomodules has suggested that operations at this high of a gradient will not be achievable with the existing cavity recipe employed. Therefore a research program was developed between SLAC, Fermilab, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, and Cornell University in order to improve the cavity processing method of the SRF cavities and reach the HE goals. This program explores the doping regime beyond what was done for LCLS-II and also has looked to further developed nitrogen-infusion. Here we will summarize the results from this R\&D program, showing significant improvement on both single-cell and 9-cell cavities compared with the original LCLS-II cavity recipe.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Fundamental Power Coupler Technical Development - Final CRADA Report

The SLAC ‘Linac Coherent Light Source -II’ project (LCLS II) is a hard X-ray Free Electron Laser now under construction in support of photon-based material science. LCLS II uses a superconducting linac design based on the twenty year-long TESLA- Technology development effort. The TESLA proposal, the European XFEL (EU-XFEL) project, and the ILC design employ a pulsed superconducting linac with roughly 0.5% duty factor. This aspect was changed for LCLS II so that the FEL could be operated continuous-wave (CW) namely with a 100% duty factor. Several critical changes to the linac design were required including RF power distribution, cryogenic heat-load management and cavity preparation. This note lists the changes required to the fundamental power coupler (FPC). All of these changes were made by the SLAC physics and engineering teams and reviewed by the cryomodule design lead (Fermilab) and international partners. Testing was done by the LCLS II cryomodule teams (Jefferson Lab and Fermilab). The SLAC LCLS II project team managed the design and procurement process. The LCLS II fundamental power coupler design is based upon the DESY TESLA Test Facility (TTF-3) design. DESY shared their drawings with LCLS II and SLAC copied and modified them to meet the LCLS II CW operation power and heat-load requirements. LCLS II had an external reviewer evaluate and compare SLAC drawings to EU-XFEL drawings. SLAC used the same industrial partners that EU-XFEL used.

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Update on Plasma Processing R&D for LCLS-II

SRF cavities performance preservation is crucial, from vertical test to accelerator operation. Field emission is still one of the main problems to overcome and plasma cleaning has been proven successful by SNS, in cleaning field emitters and increasing the work function of Nb. A collaboration has been established between FNAL, SLAC and ORNL with the purpose of applying plasma processing to LCLS-II cavities, in order to minimize and overcome field emission without affecting the high Q of N-doped cavities. The recipe will follow the neon-oxygen active plasma adopted at SNS, allowing in-situ processing of cavities and cryomodules from hydrocarbon contaminants. A novel method for plasma ignition has been developed at FNAL: a plasma glow discharge is ignited using high order modes to overcome limitations imposed by the fundamental power coupler. The results of experiments on 9-cell LCLS-II cavity are presented, along with plasma ignition studies. In addition the RF system is shown and N-doped Nb samples studies are discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Better Particle Accelerators with SRF Technology

The use of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) technology is a driving force in the development of particle accelerators. Scientists from around the globe are working together to develop the newest materials and techniques to improve the quality and efficiency of the SRF cavities that are essential for this technology.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

International Linear Collider-A Technical Progress Report

The International Linear Collider: A Technical Progress Report marks the halfway point towards the Global Design Effort fulfilling its mandate to follow up the ILC Reference Design Report with a more optimised Technical Design Report (TDR) by the end of 2012. The TDR will be based on much of the work reported here and will contain all the elements needed to propose the ILC to collaborating governments, including a technical design and implementation plan that are realistic and have been better optimised for performance, cost and risk. We are on track to develop detailed plans for the ILC, such that once results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN establish the main science goals and parameters of the next machine, we will be in good position to make a strong proposal for this new major global project in particle physics. The two overriding issues for the ILC R&D programme are to demonstrate that the technical requirements for the accelerator are achievable with practical technologies, and that the ambitious physics goals can be addressed by realistic ILC detectors. This GDE interim report documents the impressive progress on the accelerator technologies that can make the ILC a reality. It highlights results of the technological demonstrations that are giving the community increased confidence that we will be ready to proceed with an ILC project following the TDR. The companion detector and physics report document likewise demonstrates how detector designs can meet the ambitious and detailed physics goals set out by the ILC Steering Committee. LHC results will likely affect the requirements for the machine design and the detectors, and we are monitoring that very closely, intending to adapt our design as those results become available.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗