Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Chemistry form Space:The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer
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Remote Sensing Chemistry↗
Engineering topics
Rodgers, C. D.
Publications and source records attributed to Rodgers, C. D..
Proposed reference models for nitrous oxide and methane in the middle atmosphere
Data from the Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) on the Nimbus 7 satellite, for the period from Jan. 1979 - Dec. 1981, are used to prepare a reference model for the long-lived trace gases, methane and nitrous oxide, in the stratosphere. The model is presented in tabular form on seventeen pressure surfaces from 20 to 0.1 mb, in 10 degree latitude bins from 50S to 70N, and for each month of the year. The means by which the data quality and interannual variability, and some of the more interesting globally and seasonally variable features of the data are discussed briefly.
Taylor, F. W.↗
Nimbus-7 Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) experiment data user's guide
The Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) aboard Nimbus-7 observes infrared radiation from the atmospheric limb. Global upper atmosphere temperature profiles and vertical concentrations of H2O, NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 are derived from these measurements. The status of all channels was carefully monitored. Temperature and composition were retrieved from the measurements by linearizing the direct equation about an a priori profile and using an optimum statistical estimator to find the most likely solution. The derived temperature and composition profiles are archived on two tape products whose file structure and record formats are described in detail. The gridded retrieved temperature tape (GRID-T) contains daily day and night average temperatures at 62 pressure levels in a 2.5 degree latitude by 10 degree longitude grid extending from 67.5 degrees N to 50 degrees S. The zonal mean methane and nitrous oxide composition tape (ZMT-G) contains zonal mean day and night average CH4 and N2O mixing ratios at 31 pressure levels for 2.5 degrees latitude zones extending from 67.5 degrees N to 50 degrees S.
Taylor, F. W.↗
Coordinated study of the behavior of the middle atmosphere in winter: Monthly mean comparisons of satellite and radiosonde data and derived quantities
A series of workshops were conducted for intercomparison of middle atmosphere data from a variety of sounding systems. The purposes were several: intercomparison of temperature data from various sources: characterization of any observed differences with an attempt to understand those differences, and to provide guidance to users of the data as to the validity of derived quantitites.
Grose, W. L.↗
Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 12: Coordinated Study of the Behavior of the Middle Atmosphere in Winter (PMP-1) Workshops
Intercomparison of middle atmosphere meteorological data from a variety of sources is discussed. The primary aim was to intercompare data on stratospheric and mesospheric temperatures from a variety of sounding systems in order to characterize the differences, to understand the reasons for them, and to help users of the data to understand how these differences will affect derived quantities such as heat and momentum fluxes which are significant in studies of stratospheric dynamics.
Rodgers, C. D.↗
Evidence for a travelling 2-day wave in the middle atmosphere
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Rodgers, C. D.↗
The Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) experiment
Thermal emission and solar resonance fluorescence from the atmospheric limb are reported. Global measurements are made of radiation from the molecular species. The gas correlation spectroscopy technique based on the use of gas cells to select emission from chosen spectral lines or from particular parts of spectral lines is used. The source function and departure from the thermodynamic equilibrium between 80 and 130 kilometers associated with CO2 emission bands were investigated. The zonal wind velocity component along the line of sight is measured.
Drummond, J. R.↗
Statistical principles of inversion theory
Statistical methods are used to deal with the inverse problem of radiative transfer. All the available information about an unknown profile can be expressed in the form of values of functions of that profile and error estimates of these values. Estimation theory shows how these values are combined to give an estimate of the unknown profile and its error covariance. Many inversion methods are expressed in this form, although the error estimate is not usually carried out. Practical applications are described, both for inversion of individual profiles, and the global analysis of satellite data.
Rodgers, C. D.↗
Infrared remote sounding
Atmospheric radiation was measured as a function of wavelength, position, angle, and time. Radiation was determined by temperature, cloud (aerosol), composition, and surface emissivity measurements. The theory of radiative transfer is reviewed, along with retrieval methods. Instruments onboard space probes for infrared remote sounding of planetary atmospheres are also described.
Rodgers, C. D.↗
Statistical retrieval techniques for sounding the meteorological structure of the atmosphere
Statistical retrieval methods for remote sounding are reviewed. Methods are given for constraining an essentially incomplete problem by means of the known statistical behavior of the solution. Information content of the observations and the meteorological structure are discussed. Linear versions of maximum probability and minimum variance methods are given in some detail, and extensions to the nonlinear case are described.
Rodgers, C. D.↗
Radiometer for remote sounding of the upper atmosphere.
The pressure-modulated carbon dioxide radiometer is a new kind of instrument capable of making temperature soundings in the 40-80-km region of the earth's atmosphere. It is intended to be mounted on a polar-orbiting satellite, where it will give global coverage of the upper atmosphere in a region that is not well understood at present but that is, as rocket soundings show, clearly the seat of many interesting and vigorous phenomena. The new technique employs a cell containing carbon dioxide as a filter. The pressure and hence transmission of this cell is periodically modulated, resulting in the selection of thermal radiation from the strong lines in the spectrum of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This radiation originates at levels in the atmosphere where the pressure is low. The energy grasp of the device is large enough to give high sensitivity.
Taylor, F. W.↗