Engineering topics

Rice, Kevin

Publications and source records attributed to Rice, Kevin.

4 records

DOE OSTI2015

Cerium oxide nanoparticle treatment ameliorates peritonitis-induced diaphragm dysfunction

The severe inflammation observed during sepsis is thought to cause diaphragm dysfunction, which is associated with poor patient prognosis. Cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles have been posited to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities suggesting that these particles may be of potential use for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. To investigate this possibility, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham control, CeO 2 nanoparticle treatment only (0.5 mg/kg iv), sepsis, and sepsis+CeO2 nanoparticles. Sepsis was induced by the introduction of cecal material (600 mg/kg) directly into the peritoneal cavity. Nanoparticle treatment decreased sepsis-associated impairments in diaphragmatic contractile (P o ) function (sham: 25.6 ± 1.6 N/ cm 2 vs CeO 2 : 23.4 ± 0.8 N/ cm 2 , vs Sep: 15.9 ± 1.0 N/ cm 2 vs Sep+CeO 2 : 20.0 ± 1.0 N/ cm 2 , P<0.05). These improvements in diaphragm contractile function were accompanied by a normalization of protein translation signaling (Akt, FOXO-1, and 4EBP1), diminished proteolysis (caspase 8 and ubiquitin levels), and decreased inflammatory signaling (Stat3 and iNOS). Histological analysis suggested that nanoparticle treatment was associated with diminished sarcolemma damage and diminished inflammatory cell infiltration. These data indicate CeO 2 nanoparticles may improve diaphragmatic function in the septic laboratory rat.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2014

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells

The increased use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has caused new concerns about the potential exposure to biological systems and the potential risk that these materials may pose on human health. Here, we examined the effects of exposure to different concentrations (0–50 µg/mL) and incubation times (10 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours) of yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) NPs on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Changes in cellular morphology, cell viability, cell membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), and the DNA damage after NP exposure were compared to the effects seen following incubation with paraquat, a known toxicant. The 24-hour inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50 ) of Y 2 O 3 NPs (41±5 nm in size) in the HEK293 cells was found to be 108 µg/mL. Incubation with Y 2 O 3 NPs (12.25–50 µg/mL) increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression and promoted apoptotic- and necrotic mediated cell death in both a concentration and a time-dependent manner. Decreases in cell survivability were associated with elevations in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and evidence of DNA damage, which were consistent with the possibility that mitochondria impairment may play an important role in the cytotoxic response. These data demonstrate that the Y 2 O 3 NP exposure is associated with increased cellular apoptosis and necrosis in cultured HEK293 cells.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS2010

XTCE. XML Telemetry and Command Exchange Tutorial

An XML Telemetry Command Exchange (XTCE) tutoral oriented towards packets or minor frames is shown. The contents include: 1) The Basics; 2) Describing Telemetry; 3) Describing the Telemetry Format; 4) Commanding; 5) Forgotten Elements; 6) Implementing XTCE; and 7) GovSat.

Rice, Kevin↗

NASA NTRS2008

XTCE: XML Telemetry and Command Exchange Tutorial, XTCE Version 1

These presentation slides are a tutorial on XML Telemetry and Command Exchange (XTCE). The goal of XTCE is to provide an industry standard mechanism for describing telemetry and command streams (particularly from satellites.) it wiill lower cost and increase validation over traditional formats, and support exchange or native format.XCTE is designed to describe bit streams, that are typical of telemetry and command in the historic space domain.

Rice, Kevin↗