Hard X-ray observations of the Crab Nebula and A0535+26 with a high energy resolution spectrometer
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Hameury, J. M.↗
Engineering topics
Paciesas, W. S.
Publications and source records attributed to Paciesas, W. S..
A balloon-borne instrument for high-resolution astrophysical spectroscopy in the 20-8000 keV energy range
The Low Energy Gamma ray Spectrometer (LEGS) is designed to perform fine energy resolution measurements of astrophysical sources. The instrument is configured for a particular balloon flight with either of two sets of high purity germanium detectors. In one configuration, the instrument uses an array of three coaxial detectors (effective volume equal to or approximately 230 cubic cm) inside an NaI (T1) shield and collimator (field of view equal to or approximately 16 deg FWHM) and operates in the 80 to 8000 keV energy range. In the other configuration, three planar detectors (effective area equal to or approximately square cm) surrounded by a combination of passive Fe and active NaI for shielding and collimation (field of view equal to or approximately 5 deg x 10 deg FWHM) are optimized for the 20 to 200 keV energy range. In a typical one day balloon flight, LEGS sensitivity limit (3 sigma) for narrow line features is less than or approximately .0008 ph/cm/s square (coaxial array: 80 to 2000 keV) and less than or approximately .0003 ph/square cm/s (planar array: 50 to 150 keV).
Paciesas, W. S.↗
Upper Limits to the Annihilation Radiation Luminosity of Centaurus a
A high resolution observation of the active nucleus galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) was made by the GSFC low energy gamma-ray spectrometer (LEGS) during a balloon flight on 1981 November 19. The measured spectrum between 70 and 500 keV is well represented by a power law of the form 1.05 x 10 (-4) (E/100 keV) (-1.59) ph/sq cm /s with no breaks or line features observed. The 98% confidence (2 sigma) flux upper limit for a narrow ( 3 keV) 511-keV positron annihilation line is 9.9 x 10 (-4) ph/ sq cm /s. Using this upper limit, the ratio of the narrow-line annihilation radiation luminosity to the integral or = 511 keV luminosity is estimated to be 0.09 (2 sigma upper limit). This is compared with the measured value for our galactic center in the Fall of 1979 of 0.10 to 0.13, indicating a difference in he emission regions in the nuclei of the two galaxies.
Gehrels, N.↗
Upper limits to the annihilation radiation luminosity of Centaurus A
A high resolution observation of the active nucleus galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) was made by the GSFC low energy gamma-ray spectrometer (LEGS) during a balloon flight on 1981 November 19. The measured spectrum between 70 and 500 keV is well represented by a power law of the form 1.05 x 10 (-4) (E/100 keV) (-1.59) ph/sq cm/s with no breaks or line features observed. The 98 percent confidence (2 sigma) flux upper limit for a narrow (3 keV) 511-keV positron annihilation line is 9.9 x 10 (-4) ph/sq cm/s. Using this upper limit, the ratio of the narrow-line annihilation radiation luminosity to the integral or = 511 keV luminosity is estimated to be 0.09 (2 sigma upper limit). This is compared with the measured value for our Galactic center in the Fall of 1979 of 0.10 to 0.13, indicating a difference in the emission regions in the nuclei of the two galaxies.
Gehrels, N.↗
Gamma-ray spectroscopy of the galactic center region - Confirmation of the time variability of the positron annihilation line
(Previously announced in STAR as N82-27199)
Paciesas, W. S.↗
Gamma-ray spectroscopy of the galactic center region: Confirmation of the time-variability of the positron annihilation line
The GSFC Low-Energy Gamma-Ray Spectrometer observed the region of the galactic center during a balloon flight from Alice Springs, Australia, on 1981 November 20. No significant excess over background was evident in the 511 keV annihilation line. A 98 percent confidence upper limit is derived for this line of 1.2 x .001 photons/sq. cm-s. Continuum emission was detected above 100 keV with a best-fitting power law spectrum.
Paciesas, W. S.↗
Observations of the galactic center with the GSFC low-energy gamma-ray spectrometer - Preliminary results
The results of measurements made of the gamma ray emission originating from the galactic center are reviewed. The data were gathered with balloon borne gamma ray spectrometers, with the scans centering on 511 keV. Minimum Chi-sq fits were calculated for the recorded emissions, assuming a constant source modulated by the detector response and superimposed on a constant background. A time history of the 511 keV line intensity demonstrated variability in the feature, whereas the continuum spectrum showed a high correlation with previous measurements. An excess in the continuum just below the 511 keV line was taken as an indication of positronium formation.
Paciesas, W. S.↗
Hard X-ray structure of the Crab Nebula
Two-dimensional maps of the Crab Nebula have been synthesized in 22-64 keV range through the modulation collimator experiment. The effective angular resolution is about 15-arcmin. The result indicates that the Crab morphology is strictly controlled by the pulsar.
Makishima, K.↗
Design and performance of an actively collimated phoswich system for X-ray astronomy
The design and performance of a phoswich type scintillation detector system having 34 sq cm effective collecting area and a sensitivity of 3 x 10 to the -5th power photons/sq cm/s/keV for balloon-borne cosmic X-ray source observations are discussed. The various shield anticoincidence systems are evaluated for effectiveness in reduction of the system background. The total background of nominally 4 x 10 to the -4th power counts/sq cm/s/keV is analyzed and found to consist of aperture flux, K-escape X-rays from the shielding, leakage, and degradation of gamma-rays through the shielding, and several particle induced effects. The background analysis suggests an ultimate practical upper limit of about 8 x 10 to the -5th power counts/sq cm/s/keV might be attainable beyond which further sensitivity improvements will require increased collecting area or a basically differing design approach.
Matteson, J. L.↗
High-energy X-ray observations of NGC 4151 with a balloon-borne telescope
3U 1207+39, the X-ray source identified with the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151, was observed on June 24, 1975, with a balloon-borne telescope. The photon number spectrum was relatively flat (power-law slope of about -1.6) and consistent with previous observations. Thermal-bremsstrahlung models provide poorer fits to the data.
Paciesas, W. S.↗
Intensity and spectral variations of Cyg X-1 observed from balloons
Observations of Cyg X-1 with a 20 to 200 keV balloon carried X-ray telescope in 1969, 1970, and 1972 are presented. These results reveal the following characteristics of Cyg X-1: The steep spectrum observed at E 10 keV during the radio quiet phase can extend to 200 keV. This phase may have lasted 21 months (July 1969 to March 1971). The low flux values are factors of 3 and 8 below the normal values at 30 and 100 keV respectively, are rarely observed, and may be associated with the early phase of the 1971 April X-ray transition. During some one hour periods, the intensity remained constant to approximately 20% and during other periods it varied a factor 2 in 5 minutes and a factor 10 in 1 hour. Complex spectral variations accompanied the intensity changes.
Matteson, J. L.↗