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Oh, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Oh, S..

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H I survey

The MHONGOOSE (MeerKAT H IObservations of Nearby Galactic Objects: Observing Southern Emitters) survey maps the distribution and kinematics of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) gas in and around 30 nearby star-forming spiral and dwarf galaxies to extremely low H Icolumn densities. The H Icolumn density sensitivity (3σover 16 km s −1 ) ranges from ∼5 × 10 17 cm −2 at 90″ resolution to ∼4 × 10 19 cm −2 at the highest resolution of 7″. The H Imass sensitivity (3σover 50 km s −1 ) is ∼5.5 × 10 5 M ⊙ at a distance of 10 Mpc (the median distance of the sample galaxies). The velocity resolution of the data is 1.4 km s −1 . One of the main science goals of the survey is the detection of cold accreting gas in the outskirts of the sample galaxies. The sample was selected to cover a range in H Imasses from 10 7 M ⊙ to almost 10 11 M ⊙ in order to optimally sample possible accretion scenarios and environments. The distance to the sample galaxies ranges from 3 to 23 Mpc. In this paper, we present the sample selection, survey design, and observation and reduction procedures. We compared the integrated H Ifluxes based on the MeerKAT data with those derived from single-dish measurement and find good agreement, indicating that our MeerKAT observations are recovering all flux. We present H Imoment maps of the entire sample based on the first ten percent of the survey data, and find that a comparison of the zeroth- and second-moment values shows a clear separation in the physical properties of the H Ibetween areas with star formation and areas without related to the formation of a cold neutral medium. Finally, we give an overview of the H I-detected companion and satellite galaxies in the 30 fields, five of which have not previously been cataloged. We find a clear relation between the number of companion galaxies and the mass of the main target galaxy.

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2020

OC6 Phase I: Investigating the underprediction of low-frequency hydrodynamic loads and responses of a floating wind turbine

Phase I of the OC6 project is focused on examining why offshore wind design tools underpredict the response (loads/motion) of the OC5-DeepCwind semisubmersible at its surge and pitch natural frequencies. Previous investigations showed that the underprediction was primarily related to nonlinear hydrodynamic loading, so two new validation campaigns were performed to separately examine the different hydrodynamic load components. In this paper, we validate a variety of tools against this new test data, focusing on the ability to accurately model the low-frequency loads on a semisubmersible floater when held fixed under wave excitation and when forced to oscillate in the surge direction. However, it is observed that models providing better load predictions in these two scenarios do not necessarily produce a more accurate motion response in a moored configuration.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Nonvolatile Solid-State Charged-Polymer Gating of Topological Insulators into the Topological Insulating Regime

We demonstrate the ability to reduce the carrier concentration of thin films of the topological insulator (TI) B i2 Se 3 by utilizing a nonvolatile electrostatic gating via corona charging of electret polymers. Sufficient electric field can be imparted to a polymer-TI bilayer to result in significant electron density depletion, even without the continuous connection of a gate electrode or the chemical modification of the TI. We show that the Fermi level of B i2 Se 3 is shifted toward the Dirac point with this method. Using terahertz spectroscopy, we find that the surface chemical potential is lowered into the bulk band gap (approximately 50 meV above the Dirac point and 170 meV below the conduction-band minimum), and it is stabilized in the intrinsic regime while enhancing electron mobility. The mobility of surface state electrons is enhanced to a value as high as approximately 1600 cm 2 /Vs at 5 K.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Variations in Solar Parameters and Cosmic Rays with Solar Magnetic Polarity

The sunspot number varies with the 11-year Schwabe cycle, and the solar magnetic polarity reverses every 11 years approximately at the solar maximum. Because of polarity reversal, the difference between odd and even solar cycles is seen in solar activity. In this study, we create the mean solar cycle expressed by phase using the monthly sunspot number for all solar cycles 1–23. We also generate the mean solar cycle for sunspot area, solar radio flux, and cosmic ray flux within the allowance of observational range. The mean solar cycle has one large peak at solar maximum for odd solar cycles and two small peaks for most even solar cycles. The odd and even solar cycles have the statistical difference in value and shape at a confidence level of at least 98%. For solar cycles 19–23, the second peak in the even solar cycle is larger than the first peak. This result is consistent with the frequent solar events during the declining phase after the solar maximum. The difference between odd and even solar cycles can be explained by a combined model of polarity reversal and solar rotation. In the positive/negative polarity, the polar magnetic field introduces angular momentum in the same/opposite direction as/to the solar rotation. Thus the addition/subtraction of angular momentum can increase/decrease the motion of plasma to support the formation of sunspots. Since the polarity reverses at the solar maximum, the opposite phenomenon occurs in the declining phase.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Thermally stable single-atom platinum-on-ceria catalysts via atom trapping

Catalysts based on single atoms of scarce precious metals can lead to more efficient use through enhanced reactivity and selectivity. However, single atoms on catalyst supports can be mobile and aggregate into nanoparticles when heated at elevated temperatures. High temperatures are detrimental to catalyst performance unless these mobile atoms can be trapped. We used ceria powders having similar surface areas but different exposed surface facets. When mixed with a platinum/ aluminum oxide catalyst and aged in air at 800°C, the platinum transferred to the ceria and was trapped. Polyhedral ceria and nanorods were more effective than ceria cubes at anchoring the platinum. Performing synthesis at high temperatures ensures that only the most stable binding sites are occupied, yielding a sinter-resistant, atomically dispersed catalyst.

Jones, John↗
DOE OSTI2016

Tuning and stabilizing topological insulator Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} in the intrinsic regime by charge extraction with organic overlayers

In this work, we use charge extraction via organic overlayer deposition to lower the chemical potential of topological insulator (TI) Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} thin films into the intrinsic (bulk-insulating) regime. We demonstrate the tuning and stabilization of intrinsic topological insulators at high mobility with low-cost organic films. With the protection of the organic charge extraction layers tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane or tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) (Co(acac){sub 3}), the sample is stable in the atmosphere with chemical potential ∼135 meV above the Dirac point (85 meV below the conduction band minimum, well within the topological insulator regime) after four months, which is an extraordinary level of environmental stability. The Co complex demonstrates the use of an organometallic for modulating TI charge density. The mobility of surface state electrons is enhanced as high as ∼2000 cm{sup 2}/V s. Even at room temperature, a true topologically insulating state is realized and stabilized for months' exposure to the atmosphere.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Surface and interface states of Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} thin films investigated by optical second-harmonic generation and terahertz emission

We investigate the surface and interface states of Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} thin films by using the second-harmonic generation technique. Distinct from the surface of bulk crystals, the film surface and interface show the isotropic azimuth dependence of second-harmonic intensity, which is attributed to the formation of randomly oriented domains on the in-plane. Based on the nonlinear susceptibility deduced from the model fitting, we determine that the surface band bending induced in a space charge region occurs more strongly at the film interface facing the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} substrate or capping layer compared with the interface facing the air. We demonstrate that distinct behavior of the terahertz electric field emitted from the samples can provide further information about the surface electronic state of Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3}.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Near-ultraviolet micro-Raman study of diamond grown on GaN

Ultraviolet (UV) micro-Raman measurements are reported of diamond grown on GaN using chemical vapor deposition. UV excitation permits simultaneous investigation of the diamond (D) and disordered carbon (DC) comprising the polycrystalline layer. From line scans of a cross-section along the diamond growth direction, the DC component of the diamond layer is found to be highest near the GaN-on-diamond interface and diminish with characteristic length scale of ∼3.5 μm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the diamond near the interface confirms the presence of DC. Combined micro-Raman and TEM are used to develop an optical method for estimating the DC volume fraction.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Observation of cyclotron resonance and electron-phonon coupling in surface states of the bulk-insulating topological insulator Cu 0.02 Bi 2 Se 3

Standard time-domain THz spectroscopy (TDTS) in a transmission geometry was performed with a custom home-built THz spectrometer. In this technique an approximately single-cycle picosecond pulse of light is transmitted through the sample and the substrate. The complex transmission is obtained from Fourier transforming the time-domain sample pulse and ratioing it to a Fourier transformed substrate pulse.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Observation of cyclotron resonance and electron-phonon coupling in surface states of the bulk-insulating topological insulator Cu 0.02 Bi 2 Se 3

We have utilized magneto-optical time-domain spectroscopy to investigate the low frequency optical response of topological insulator Cu 0.02 Bi 2 Se 3 and Bi 2 Se 3 films. With both field and frequency depedence, such experiments give sufficient information to measure the mobility and carrier density of multiple conduction channels simultaneously. We observe sharp cyclotron resonances (CRs) in both samples. The small amount of Cu substitution into the Cu 0.02 Bi 2 Se 3 induces a true bulk insulator with only a single conduction channel with total sheet carrier density 4.9 x 10 12 /cm 2 and mobility as large as 4000 cm 2 /V s. This is consistent with pure topological surface state (TSSs) conduction with a chemical potential 150 meV above the Dirac point. Hence, a true topological insulator with an insulating bulk is realized. The CR broadens at high fields, an e ect that we attribute to an electron-phonon interaction. This assignment is supported by an extended Drude model analysis on the zero field data. In contrast to Cu 0.02 Bi 2 Se 3 , two charge channels were observed in normal Bi 2 Se 3 films. We demonstrate a method to distinguish between the dominant TSSs and trivial bulk/2DEG states. The dominant channel exhibits a CR with a carrier density of ~2.0 x 10 13 /cm 2 and mobility ~3200 cm 2 /V s, consistent with TSSs with a chemical potential ~350meV above the Dirac point.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Time-resolved terahertz dynamics in thin films of the topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3

We use optical pump–THz probe spectroscopy at low temperatures to study the hot carrier response in thin Bi 2 Se 3 films of several thicknesses, allowing us to separate the bulk from the surface transient response. We find that for thinner films the photoexcitation changes the transport scattering rate and reduces the THz conductivity, which relaxes within 10 picoseconds (ps). For thicker films, the conductivity increases upon photoexcitation and scales with increasing both the film thickness and the optical fluence, with a decay time of approximately 5 ps as well as a much higher scattering rate. Furthermore, these different dynamics are attributed to the surface and bulk electrons, respectively, and demonstrate that long-lived mobile surface photo-carriers can be accessed independently below certain film thicknesses for possible optoelectronic applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ion beam modification of topological insulator bismuth selenide

In this study, we demonstrate chemical doping of a topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 using ion implantation. Ion beam-induced structural damage was characterized using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ion damage was reversed using a simple thermal annealing step. Carrier-type conversion was achieved using ion implantation followed by an activation anneal in Bi 2 Se 3 thin films. These two sets of experiments establish the feasibility of ion implantation for chemical modification of Bi 2 Se 3 , a prototypical topological insulator. Ion implantation can, in principle, be used for any topological insulator. The direct implantation of dopants should allow better control over carrier concentrations for the purposes of achieving low bulk conductivity. Ion implantation also enables the fabrication of inhomogeneously doped structures, which in turn should make possible new types of device designs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Edge profile measurements using Thomson scattering on the KSTAR tokamak

In the KSTAR Tokamak, a “Tangential Thomson Scattering” (TTS) diagnostic system has been designed and installed to measure electron density and temperature profiles. In the edge system, TTS has 12 optical fiber bundles to measure the edge profiles with 10–15 mm spatial resolution. These 12 optical fibers and their spatial resolution are not enough to measure the pedestal width with a high accuracy but allow observations of L-H transition or H-L transitions at the edge. For these measurements, the prototype ITER edge Thomson Nd:YAG laser system manufactured by JAEA in Japan is installed. In this paper, the KSTAR TTS system is briefly described and some TTS edge profiles are presented and compared against the KSTAR Charge Exchange Spectroscopy and other diagnostics. The future upgrade plan of the system is also discussed in this paper.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

LIHEM Failure Model Development

Previously, a factor of safety criterion for the IHEs (LX-17 and PBX 9502) was defined using the ultimate strength of the material based on uniaxial compression and tension data at various temperatures and strain rates and an experimentally derived failure surface. The probability of failure was subsequently calculated using this factor of safety, uncertainty data, and assumptions. This year, the methodology was extended to incorporate the effect of cyclic loading into the Livermore Insensitive High Explosives Mechanical (LIHEM) model. As mentioned in the previous section, we performed cyclic experiments on three-point-bend specimens in order to find cycles-to-failure as a function of failure load at various temperatures, frequencies, and amplitudes.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1997

Pointer Adaptation and Pruning of Min-Max Fuzzy Inference and Estimation

A new technique for adaptation of fuzzy membership functions in a fuzzy inference system is proposed. The pointer technique relies upon the isolation of the specific membership functions that contributed to the final decision, followed by the updating of these functions' parameters using steepset descent.

Fuzzy↗