Pioneer F and G spacecraft
Two spacecraft, Pioneers F and G, each with a launch weight of approximately 256 kg, were launched in March 1972 and April 1973 on trajectories which will result in close Jupiter encounters in late 1973 and 1974, respectively. The Pioneer mission objectives are to investigate the interplanetary medium beyond Mars, to determine the nature of the asteroid belt, and to explore Jupiter and its environment. A review is given of the system and subsystem design with emphasis on the simplicity of design, the selective use of redundancy for reliability enhancement, and the environmental protection provided.
Obrien, B. J.↗