Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Nordberg, W..
The characteristics of optical measurements taken by the return-beam vidicon and multispectral scanner systems on the ERTS-1 satellite are described together with the interpretation of these observations for purposes of mapping and surveying earth resources over large areas. Each spectral interval covered by the sensors is discussed in terms of the type of features which can be discriminated and related to particular earth resources.
Measurements of the microwave emission from Arctic Sea ice were made with aircraft at 8 wavelengths ranging from 0.510 to 2.81 cm. The expected contrast in emissivities between ice and water was observed at all wavelengths. Distributions of sea ice and open water were mapped from altitudes up to 11 km in the presence of dense cloud cover. Different forms of ice also exhibited strong contrasts in emissivity. Emissivity differences of up to 0.2 were observed between two types of ice at the 0.811-cm wavelength. The higher emissivity ice type is tentatively identified as having been formed more recently than the lower emissivity ice.
Brief descriptions are given of the techniques involved in determining the global structure of the mesosphere and stratosphere based on sounding rocket observations and satellite remotely sensed measurements.
Earth resources survey and remote sensing techniques under development at GSFC are reviewed. Emphasis is focussed primarily on: (1) definition and demonstration of remote sensing techniques which lead to the measurements of physical quantities from which earth resources related parameters can be determined; (2) development of sensors, spacecraft, and on-board as well as ground based data management systems; (3) determination of earth resources related parameters from the remote sensing observations and measurements; and (4) applications of earth observations to resource management.
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Measurements of the microwave emission from Arctic Sea ice were made with aircraft at 8 wavelengths ranging from 0.510 cm to 2.81 cm. The expected contrast in emissivities between ice and water was observed at all wavelengths. Distributions of sea ice and open water were mapped from altitudes up to 11 km in the presence of dense cloud cover. Different forms of ice also exhibited strong contrasts in emissivity. Emissivity differences of up to 0.2 were observed between two types of ice at 0.811 cm wavelength. The higher emissivity ice type is tentatively identified as having been formed more recently than the lower emissivity ice.
Microwave emission from North Sea and North Atlantic at surface wind speeds of 5-25 m/sec, measuring brightness temperature
Atmospheric temperature profile from satellite soundings of outgoing radiation in IR carbon dioxide band, using regularization and Chahine methods
Measuring brightness temperatures and microwave emission of wind driven sea surface
Microwave thermal emission by water measured from aircraft, studying radiation dependence on surface roughness
Upper atmosphere-lower atmosphere interactions, middle atmospheric physics and dynamics and mesospheric seasonal and large scale zonal and meridional behavior
Airborne microwave radiometer measurements of thermal radiances over sea surfaces
Techniques and instruments for interpretation of radiation data from meteorological satellites
Basic meteorological satellite concepts, and Nimbus satellite systems design
Atmospheric model development relating temperature, density, moisture and energy measurements from satellite observations for long term weather forecasting
Nimbus 2 meteorological satellite observations, discussing circulation associated with synoptic scale systems obtained by correlating water vapor and carbon dioxide pictures
Low atmosphere meteorological observations by satellite, discussing sensing of radiation patterns cloud patterns and earth-atmosphere radiative energy balance
Stratospheric circulation from Tiros 7 satellite radiometrically derived temperature patterns