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Nobles, R. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Nobles, R. A..

Calculated performance of a Wolter type I X-ray telescope coated by multilayers

Deposition of multilayered diffraction coatings on the reflecting surfaces of a Wolter type I X-ray telescope offers the potential of using Bragg reflection to achieve enhanced effective area in selected high energy bandpasses. The structure of a gold-carbon multilayer has been optimized for study of 1.8 A iron-line emission with an X-ray telescope designed for observations from Spacelab. The response of this mirror assembly has been calculated as a function of X-ray energy and the resulting effective area is enhanced by a factor of 10 and peaks at 160 sq cm with a bandpass of 0.4 keV FWHM. This enhanced response is sufficient to allow study of the angular distribution of iron-line emission from the 20 brightest cluster X-ray sources during a 7 day Spacelab mission. The possibility of achieving X-ray imaging in narrow bandpasses at even higher energies has been investigated. It is concluded that it should be possible to achieve effective areas of approximately 5 sq cm in bandpasses approximately 1 keV wide for energies in the 15-25 keV range, a spectral region of much importance during the impulsive phase of solar flares.

Catura, R. C.

Large-aperture high-resolution X-ray collimator for the Solar Maximum Mission

A description is presented of a flight-qualified large-aperture 12 x 12-arcsec angular resolution multigrid X-ray collimator developed for the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) flat crystal spectrometer. This collimator, designed for the 1.4-22.4-A wavelength range, utilizes an optical bench/metering structure to align and support prealigned grid subassemblies. The optical bench is a lightweight, rigid, and stable aluminum honeycomb structure. The grids are of a compound and bimetallic design, having 63.5-micron square holes on an 88.9-micron spacing in 8-micron thick gold, which is in turn supported by a 76-micron thick Invar grid having 600-micron square holes on a 739-micron spacing. The small apertures in the gold provide the 12-arcsec collimation with the Invar grids providing wide angle off-axis blocking out to an approximately 35 arcmin view angle. The collimator has seven individual channels, four of a 5.1- x 10-cm area and three of a 1.3- x 10-cm area. Laboratory measurements gave an average angular resolution of 12.5 arcsec FWHM with 0.259 transmission for the large-area channels and 12.0 arcsec and 0.200 transmission for the small-area channels. A thermal filter composed of two layers of approximately 1000-A thick aluminum prevents solar heating of the front collimator grids by absorbing longer wavelength radiation while passing most of the X radiation in the band of interest.

Nobles, R. A.

Rocket studies of solar corona and transition region

The XSST (X-Ray Spectrometer/Spectrograph Telescope) rocket payload launched by a Nike Boosted Black Brant was designed to provide high spectral resolution coronal soft X-ray line information on a spectrographic plate, as well as time resolved photo-electric records of pre-selected lines and spectral regions. This spectral data is obtained from a 1 x 10 arc second solar region defined by the paraboloidal telescope of the XSST. The transition region camera provided full disc images in selected spectral intervals originating in lower temperature zones than the emitting regions accessible to the XSST. A H-alpha camera system allowed referencing the measurements to the chromospheric temperatures and altitudes. Payload flight and recovery information is provided along with X-ray photoelectric and UV flight data, transition camera results and a summary of the anomalies encountered. Instrument mechanical stability and spectrometer pointing direction are also examined.

Acton, L. W.

SOFT PARTICLE DETECTORS

Gas-filled proportional counter for photon detection in the .1-20 kev range

PROPORTIONAL COUNTER