Measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta decay half-life of $$^{130}$$Te with the CUORE-0 experiment
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Engineering topics
Mei, Y.
Publications and source records attributed to Mei, Y..
CUORE-0 detector: design, construction and operation
The CUORE experiment will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 130 Te with an array of 988 TeO 2 bolometers arranged in 19 towers. CUORE-0, the first tower assembled according to the CUORE procedures, was built and commissioned at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, and took data from March 2013 to March 2015. In this study we describe the design, construction and operation of the CUORE-0 experiment, with an emphasis on the improvements made over a predecessor experiment, Cuoricino. Finally, in particular, we demonstrate with CUORE-0 data that the design goals of CUORE are within reach.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Results from the CUORE-0 experiment
The CUORE-0 experiment searched for neutrinoless double beta decay in 130 Te using an array of 52 tellurium dioxide crystals, operated as bolometers at a temperature of 10 mK. It took data in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy) since March 2013 to March 2015. We present the results of a search for neutrinoless double beta decay in 9.8 kg-years 130 Te exposure that allowed us to set the most stringent limit to date on this half-life. The performance of the detector in terms of background and energy resolution is also reported.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Status of the CUORE and results from the CUORE-0 neutrinoless double beta decay experiments
CUORE is a 741 kg array of TeO 2 bolometers for the search of neutrinoless double beta decay of 130 Te. The detector is being constructed at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, where it will start taking data in 2015. If the target background of 0.01 counts/(keV·kg·y) will be reached, in five years of data taking CUORE will have a 1σ half life sensitivity of 10 26 y. CUORE-0 is a smaller experiment constructed to test and demonstrate the performances expected for CUORE. The detector is a single tower of 52 CUORE-like bolometers that started taking data in spring 2013. The status and perspectives of CUORE will be discussed, and the first CUORE-0 data will be presented.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Analysis techniques for the evaluation of the neutrinoless double- β decay lifetime in Te 130 with the CUORE-0 detector
We describe in detail the methods used to obtain the lower bound on the lifetime of neutrinoless double-beta ( 0 ν β β ) decay in 130 Te and the associated limit on the effective Majorana mass of the neutrino using the CUORE-0 detector. CUORE-0 is a bolometric detector array located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso that was designed to validate the background reduction techniques developed for CUORE, a next-generation experiment scheduled to come online in 2016. CUORE-0 is also a competitive 0 ν β β decay search in its own right and functions as a platform to further develop the analysis tools and procedures to be used in CUORE. These include data collection, event selection and processing, as well as an evaluation of signal efficiency. In particular, we describe the amplitude evaluation, thermal gain stabilization, energy calibration methods, and the analysis event selection used to create our final 0 ν β β search spectrum. We define our high level analysis procedures, with emphasis on the new insights gained and challenges encountered. We outline in detail our fitting methods near the hypothesized 0 ν β β decay peak and catalog the main sources of systematic uncertainty. Finally, we derive the 0 ν β β decay half-life limits previously reported for CUORE-0, T 0 ν 1 / 2 > 2.7 × 10 24 yr , and in combination with the Cuoricino limit, T 0 ν 1 / 2 > 4.0 × 10 24 yr .
22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of with CUORE-0
We report the results of a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in a 9.8 kg yr exposure of 130 Te using a bolometric detector array, CUORE-0. The characteristic detector energy resolution and background level in the region of interest are 5.1 ± 0.3 keV FWHM and 0.058 ± 0.004 (stat.) ± 0:002 (syst.) counts/(keV kg yr), respectively. The median 90% C.L. lower-limit sensitivity of the experiment is 2.9 x 10 24 yr and surpasses the sensitivity of previous searches. We find no evidence for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 130 Te and place a Bayesian lower bound on the decay half-life, T 0$_1$ 1/2 > 2.7 x 10 24 yr at 90% C.L. Combining CUORE-0 data with the 19.75 kg yr exposure of 130 Te from the Cuoricino experiment we obtain T 0$_1$ 1/2 > 4.0 x 10 24 yr at 90% C.L. (Bayesian), the most stringent limit to date on this half-life. Using a range of nuclear matrix element estimates we interpret this as a limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass, m ββ < 270 - 760 meV.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
CUORE-0 results and prospects for the CUORE experiment
With 741 kg of TeO{sub 2} crystals and an excellent energy resolution of 5 keV (0.2%) at the region of interest, the CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) experiment aims at searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of {sup 130}Te with unprecedented sensitivity. Expected to start data taking in 2015, CUORE is currently in an advanced construction phase at LNGS. CUORE projected neutrinoless double beta decay half-life sensitivity is 1.6 × 10{sup 26} y at 1σ (9.5 × 10{sup 25} y at the 90 % confidence level), in five years of live time, corresponding to an upper limit on the effective Majorana mass in the range 40–100 meV (50–130 meV). Further background rejection with auxiliary bolometric detectors could improve CUORE sensitivity and competitiveness of bolometric detectors towards a full analysis of the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. CUORE-0 was built to test and demonstrate the performance of the upcoming CUORE experiment. It consists of a single CUORE tower (52 TeO{sub 2} bolometers of 750 g each, arranged in a 13 floor structure) constructed strictly following CUORE recipes both for materials and assembly procedures. An experiment its own, CUORE-0 is expected to reach a sensitivity to the ββ(0ν) half-life of {sup 130}Te around 3×10{sup 24} y in one year of live time. We present an update of the data, corresponding to an exposure of 18.1 kg y. An analysis of the background indicates that the CUORE performance goal is satisfied while the sensitivity goal is within reach.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
The CUORE and CUORE-0 experiments at Gran Sasso
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is an experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{130}$Te and other rare processes. CUORE is a cryogenic detector composed of 988 TeO$_2$ bolometers for a total mass of about 741 kg. The detector is being constructed at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, where it will start taking data in 2015. If the target background of 0.01 counts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$y) will be reached, in five years of data taking CUORE will have an half life sensitivity around $1\times 10^{26}$ y at 90\% C.L. As a first step towards CUORE a smaller experiment CUORE-0, constructed to test and demonstrate the performances expected for CUORE, has been assembled and is running. The detector is a single tower of 52 CUORE-like bolometers that started taking data in spring 2013. The status and perspectives of CUORE will be discussed, and the first CUORE-0 data will be presented.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
The CUORE and CUORE-0 experiments at Gran Sasso
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is an experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) in 130 Te and other rare processes. CUORE is a cryogenic detector composed of 988 TeO 2 bolometers for a total mass of about 741 kg. The detector is being constructed at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, where it will start taking data in 2015. If the target background of 0.01 counts/(keV·kg·y) will be reached, in five years of data taking CUORE will have an half life sensitivity around 1 × 10 26 y at 90% C.L. As a first step towards CUORE a smaller experiment CUORE-0, constructed to test and demonstrate the performances expected for CUORE, has been assembled and is running. The detector is a single tower of 52 CUORE-like bolometers that started taking data in spring 2013. The status and perspectives of CUORE will be discussed, and the first CUORE-0 data will be presented.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
CUORE and beyond: Bolometric techniques to explore inverted neutrino mass hierarchy
The CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) experiment will search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 130 Te. With 741 kg of TeO 2 crystals and an excellent energy resolution of 5 keV (0.2%) at the region of interest, CUORE will be one of the most competitive neutrinoless double beta decay experiments on the horizon. With five years of live time, CUORE projected neutrinoless double beta decay half-life sensitivity is 1.6 × 10 26 y at 1σ (9.5 × 10 25 y at the 90% confidence level), which corresponds to an upper limit on the effective Majorana mass in the range 40–100 meV (50–130 meV). Further background rejection with auxiliary light detector can significantly improve the search sensitivity and competitiveness of bolometric detectors to fully explore the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy with 130 Te and possibly other double beta decay candidate nuclei.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
First data from CUORE-0
CUORE-0 is an experiment built to test and demonstrate the performance of the upcoming CUORE experiment. Composed of 52 TeO 2 bolometers of 750 g each, it is expected to reach a sensitivity to the 0νββ half-life of 130 Te around 3 · 10 24 y in one year of live time. We present the first data, corresponding to an exposure of 7.1 kg y. An analysis of the background indicates that the CUORE sensitivity goal is within reach, validating our techniques to reduce the α radioactivity of the detector.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Neutrinoless double-beta decay search with CUORE and CUORE-0 experiments
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is an upcoming experiment designed to search for the neutrinoless double-beta decays. Observation of the process would unambiguously establish that neutrinos are Majorana particles and provide information on their absolute mass scale hierarchy. CUORE is now under construction and will consist of an array of 988 TeO 2 crystal bolometers operated at 10 mK, but the first tower (CUORE-0) is already taking data. The experimental techniques used will be presented as well as the preliminary CUORE-0 results. The current status of the full-mass experiment and its expected sensitivity will then be discussed.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Dark matter search with CUORE-0 and CUORE
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a ton-scale experiment made of TeO₂ bolometers that will probe the neutrinoless double beta decay of ¹³⁰Te. Excellent energy resolution, low threshold and low background make CUORE sensitive to nuclear recoils, allowing a search for dark matter interactions. With a total mass of 741 kg of TeO₂, CUORE can search for an annual modulation of the counting rate at low energies. We present data obtained with CUORE-like detectors and the prospects for a dark matter search in CUORE-0, a 40-kg prototype, and CUORE.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Searching for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of 130 Te with CUORE
Neutrinoless double-beta (0 ν β β ) decay is a hypothesized lepton-number-violating process that offers the only known means of asserting the possible Majorana nature of neutrino mass. The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is an upcoming experiment designed to search for 0 ν β β decay of 130 Te using an array of 988 TeO 2 crystal bolometers operated at 10 mK. The detector will contain 206 kg of 130 Te and have an average energy resolution of 5 keV; the projected 0 ν β β decay half-life sensitivity after five years of livetime is 1.6 × 10 26 y at 1 σ (9.5 × 10 25 y at the 90% confidence level), which corresponds to an upper limit on the effective Majorana mass in the range 40–100 meV (50–130 meV). In this paper, we review the experimental techniques used in CUORE as well as its current status and anticipated physics reach.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Exploring the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay in the Inverted Neutrino Hierarchy with Bolometric Detectors
Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) is one of the most sensitive probes for physics beyond the Standard Model, providing unique information on the nature of neutrinos. In this paper we review the status and outlook for bolometric 0νββ decay searches. We summarize recent advances in background suppression demonstrated using bolometers with simultaneous readout of heat and light signals. We simulate several configurations of a future CUORE-like bolometer array which would utilize these improvements and present the sensitivity reach of a hypothetical next-generation bolometric0νββ experiment. We demonstrate that a bolometric experiment with the isotope mass of about 1 ton is capable of reaching the sensitivity to the effective Majorana neutrino mass (|m ee |) of order 10-20 meV, thus completely exploring the so-called inverted neutrino mass hierarchy region. In conclusion, we highlight the main challenges and identify priorities for an R&D program addressing them.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Initial performance of the CUORE-0 experiment
CUORE-0 is a cryogenic detector that uses an array of tellurium dioxide bolometers to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 130 Te. We present the first data analysis with 7.1kg • y of total TeO 2 exposure focusing on background measurements and energy resolution. The background rates in the neutrinoless double-beta decay region of interest (2.47 to 2.57MeV) and in the α background-dominated region (2.70 to 3.90MeV) have been measured to be 0.071±0.011 and 0.019±0.002counts/(keV • kg • y), respectively. The latter result represents a factor of 6 improvement from a predecessor experiment, Cuoricino. The results verify our understanding of the background sources in CUORE-0, which is the basis of extrapolations to the full CUORE detector. The obtained energy resolution (full width at half maximum) in the region of interest is 5.7keV. Based on the measured background rate and energy resolution in the region of interest, CUORE-0 half-life sensitivity is expected to surpass the observed lower bound of Cuoricino with one year of live time.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Plasmon-enhanced polymer photovoltaic cells based on large aspect ratio gold nanorods and the related working mechanism
Two types of Au nanorods (NRs) possessing longitudinal/transverse axes of 55/11 (NR{sub 11}) and 90/18 nm (NR{sub 18}) are, respectively, incorporated into the hole extraction layer to improve optical-to-electrical conversion performances in polymer photovoltaic cells. Totally different improvement factors in short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency occur in the NR{sub 11}- and NR{sub 18}-doped cells. Optical simulations, electrical analysis, and morphology alteration accompanying with the incorporation of NRs were proceeded to investigate the reason, and analysis demonstrates that a slower damping of field around NRs{sub 18} (results in a field and absorption enhancement around the active layer) and one order higher scattering cross section in the NR{sub 18}-incorporated cell are key factors contributed to the improvement of cell performances.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
ULF waves in the Io torus: Ulysses observations
Throughout the Io torus, Ulysses has observed intense ultralow frequency (ULF) wave activity in both electric and magnetic components. Such ULF waves have been previously suggested as the source of ion precipitation leading to Jovian aurorae. The peaks of the wave spectra are closely related to the ion cyclotron frequencies, which is evidence of the waves being ion cyclotron waves (ICWs). Analysis of the dispersion relation using a multicomponent density model shows that at high latitudes (approximately 30 deg), peak frequencies of the waves fall into L mode branches of guided or unguided ICWs. Near the equator, in addition to the ICWs below f(sub cO(2+)), there are strong signals at approximately 10 Hz which require an unexpectedly large energetic ion temperature anistropy to be explained by the excitation of either convective or nonconvective ion cyclotron instabilities. Their generation mechanism remains open for the future study. Evaluation of the Poynting vector and the dispersion relation analysis suggest that the waves near the equator had a small wave angle relative to the magnetic field, while those observed at high latitudes were more oblique. The polarization of the waves below f(sub cH(+)) is more random than that of the whistler mode waves, but left-hand-polarized components of the waves can still be seen. The intensity of the ICWs both near the equator and at high latitudes are strong enough to meet the requirement for producing strong pitch angle scattering of energetic ions.
Lin, Naiguo↗