The flyby of Jupiter by Cassini/Huygens
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Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Matson, D. L..
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Assuming Io is completely resurfaced with volcanics, ages to surface units on Io can be assigned as a function of temperature. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
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Should events such as the Tvashar fire fountain be expected? Examination of the Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) C3 data set shows that the chances of observing some level of active volcanism in any given area covering at least 135 km(exp 2) is quite reasonable.
Spatially resolved infrared and ultraviolet wavelength spectra of Europa's leading, anti-jovian quadrant observed from the Galileo spacecraft show absorption features resulting from hydrogen peroxide. Comparisons with laboratory measurements indicate surface hydrogen peroxide concentrations of about 0.13 percent, by number, relative to water ice. The inferred abundance is consistent with radiolytic production of hydrogen peroxide by intense energetic particle bombardment and demonstrates that Europa's surface chemistry is dominated by radiolysis.
Cassini/Huygens will carry out an in-depth exploration of the Saturnian system. On October 15, 1996 the spacecraft was launched on its interplanetary journey. On the way to Saturn, Cassini/Huygens, will flyby Venus, twice (April 26, 1998; June 24, 1999), the Earth once (August 18, 1999), and Jupiter (December 30, 2000). On approach to Saturn, the small satellite Phoebe will be encountered on June 11, 2004. Upon arrival at Saturn on July 1, 2004, Cassini/Huygens will fire its main engine and go into orbit about the planet. Huygens will be delivered to Titan on November 27, 2004. After deceleration in the upper atmosphere, Huygens will deploy a parachute system and its six instruments will make scientific measurements and observations as it descends to the surface. These data then will be transmitted to the Orbiter which, in turn, will relay them to the Earth. The Orbiter will then commence a four year long tour of the Saturnian system. With its complement of 12 instruments, Cassini is capable of making a wide range of in situ and remote sensing observations. There will be repeated close flybys of Titan both to make measurements and for gravity-assisted orbit changes that will enable Cassini to visit other satellites, various parts of the magnetosphere, and obtain occultations of the rings and atmospheres of Saturn and Titan. During the span of the mission, Cassini will also record temporal changes in many of the properties that it can observe. The presentation will emphasize current status and plans for the mission. (The Cassini mission is a joint undertaking by NASA and ESA. This work was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA.)
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Gelileo Galilei left a rich scientific legacy that enabled Cassini, Huygens and other scientists to continue to open the modern era of planetary explorations. The legacy relationship also applies to the spacecraft and missions named after these men.
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The Galileo spacecraft's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer.