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Levine, Arlene S.

Publications and source records attributed to Levine, Arlene S..

An Overview of NASA's Contributions to Energy Technology

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is well known for its many contributions to advancing technology for the aviation and space industries. It may be surprising to some that it has also made a major impact in advancing energy technologies. This paper presents a historic overview of some of the energy programs that NASA was involved in, as well as presenting some current energy-related work that is relevant to both aerospace and non-aerospace needs. In the past, NASA developed prototype electric cars, low-emission gas turbines, wind turbines, and solar-powered villages, to name a few of the major energy projects. The fundamental expertise in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, thermodynamics, mechanical and electrical engineering, and other related fields, found in NASA s workforce, can easily be applied to develop creative solutions to energy problems in space, aviation, or terrestrial systems.

Lyons, Valerie J.↗

The Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater: An Educational Investigation for Students into the Planetary Impact Process and its Environmental Consequences

Planetary impact craters are a common surface feature of many planetary bodies, including the Earth, the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Venus, and Jupiter s moons, Ganymede and Callisto. The NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, VA, is located about 5 km inside the outer rim of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater. The Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater, with a diameter of 85 km is the sixth largest impact crater on our planet. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with the NASA Langley Research Center, the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ), the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC), and the Department of Geology of the College of William and Mary (WM) drilled into and through the crater at the NASA Langley Research Center and obtained a continuous core to a depth of 2075.9 ft (632.73 meters) from the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater. At the NASA Langley location, the granite basement depth was at 2046 ft (623.87 meters). This collaborative drilling activity provided a unique educational opportunity and ongoing educational partnership between USGS, NASA Langley and the other collaborators. NASA Langley has a decade-long, ongoing educational partnership with the Colonial Coast Council of the Girl Scouts. The core drilling and on site analysis and cataloguing of the core segments provided a unique opportunity for the Girl Scouts to learn how geologists work in the field, their tools for scientific investigation and evaluation, how they perform geological analyses of the cores in an on-site tent and learn about the formation of impact craters and the impact of impacting bodies on the sub-surface, the surface, the oceans and atmosphere of the target body. This was accomplished with a two-part activity. Girl Scout day camps and local Girl Scout troops were invited to Langley Research Center Conference Center, where more than 300 Girl Scouts, their leaders and adult personnel were given briefings by scientists and educators from the USGS, NASA, VDEQ, HRPDC and WM on the principles of geology, the formation of impact craters, the consequences of the impacting body on the atmosphere, ocean, surface and sub-surface, the geological, chemical and biological analyses of the core and the cataloguing and storage of the core segments, etc. After the briefings, the Girl Scouts visited the drilling site where they inspected the core drilling rig, examined the core samples and discussed the drilling procedures, cores and interpretation of the cores with scientists and educators from the organizations conducting the core drilling. Demonstrations at the drilling site included demonstrations of impacting objects hitting multi-colored layered mud targets at different angles of entry. The multi-colored layers of mud were instructive in mapping out the distribution of impact-ejected material around the impact crater. The presentation will include a series of photographs of the Girl Scout participating in activities at the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater drill site, including retrieving cores from the drilling rig, inspecting the core samples and participating in the impact-crater formation demonstrations.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

Photographic Survey of the LDEF Mission

This publication documents a selected number of pre-flight, in-flight, and postflight photographs of the LDEF and experiments. Changes in condition of the experiments caused by space exposure are discussed. Accompanying this black and white publication it a CD-ROM that contains the color version of the photographs as well as the text.

ONeal, Robert L.↗

Photographic Survey of the LDEF Mission

This publication documents a selected number of pre-flight, in-flight, and postflight photographs of the LDEF and experiments. Changes in condition of the experiments caused by space exposure are discussed. The CD-ROM contains the color version of the photographs as well as the text.

Oneal, Robert L.↗

LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Third Post-Retrieval Symposium, part 1

This volume (Part 1 of 3) is a compilation of papers presented at the Third Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium. The papers represent the data analysis of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.), electronics, optics, and life science. In addition, papers on preliminary data analysis of EURECA, EOIM-3, and other spacecraft are included.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Third Post-Retrieval Symposium, part 2

This volume is a compilation of papers presented at the Third Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium. The papers represent the data analysis of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.), electronics, optics, and life science. In addition, papers on preliminary data analysis of EURECA, EOIM-3, and other spacecraft are included. This second of three parts covers spacecraft construction materials.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Third Post-Retrieval Symposium, part 3

This volume is a compilation of papers presented at the Third Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium. The papers represent the data analysis of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.), electronics, optics, and life science. In addition, papers on preliminary data analysis of EURECA, EOIM-3, and other spacecraft are included.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

From LDEF to a national Space Environment and Effects (SEE) program: A natural progression

As the LDEF program draws to a close, it leaves in place the fundamental building blocks for a Space Environment and Effects (SEE) program. Results from LDEF data analyses and investigations now form a substantial core of knowledge on the long term effects of the space environment on materials, system and structures. In addition, these investigations form the basic structure of a critically-needed SEE archive and database system. An agency-wide effort is required to capture all elements of a SEE program to provide a more comprehensive and focused approach to understanding the space environment, determining the best techniques for both flight and ground-based experimentation, updating the models which predict both the environments and those effects on subsystems and spacecraft, and, finally, ensuring that this multitudinous information is properly maintained, and inserted into spacecraft design programs. Many parts and pieces of a SEE program already exist at various locations to fulfill specific needs. The primary purpose of this program, under the direction of the Office of Advanced Concepts and Technology (OACT) in NASA Headquarters, is to take advantage of these parts; apply synergisms where possible; identify and when possible fill-in gaps; coordinate and advocate a comprehensive SEE program. The SEE program must coordinate and support the efforts of well-established technical communities wherein the bulk of the work will continue to be done. The SEE program will consist of a NASA-led SEE Steering Committee, consisting of government and industry users, with the responsibility for coordination between technology developers and NASA customers; and Technical Working Groups with primary responsibility for program technical content in response to user needs. The Technical Working Groups are as follows: Materials and Processes; Plasma and Fields; Ionizing Radiation; Meteoroids and Orbital Debris; Neutral External Contamination; Thermosphere, Thermal, and Solar Conditions; Electromagnetic Effects; Integrated Assessments and Databases. Specific technology development tasks will be solicited through a NASA Research Announcement to be released in May of 1994. The areas in which tasks are solicited include: (1) engineering environment definitions, (2) environments and effects design guidelines, (3) environments and effects assessment models and databases, and (4) flight/ground simulation/technology assessment data.

Bowles, David E.↗

The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) annotated bibliography

A major objective of the Space Act of 1958 which led to the establishment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was the dissemination of science and technology. Today, under NASA administrator Daniel Goldin and the White House, there is a reemphasis on the dissemination and transfer of NASA science and technology to U.S. industry: both aerospace and non aerospace. The goal of this transfer of science and technology is to aid U.S. industries, making them more competitive in the global economy. After 69 months in space, LDEF provided new and important information on the space environment and how this hostile environment impacts spacecraft materials and systems. The space environment investigated by the LDEF researchers included: ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, meteoroid and debris, atomic oxygen, thermal cycling, vacuum, microgravity, induced contamination and various synergistic effects. The materials used as part of LDEF and its experiments include polymers, metals, glass, paints and coatings. Fiber optic, mechanical, electrical, and optical systems were also used on LDEF. As part of the effort to disseminate and transfer LDEF science and technology, an annotated bibliographic database is being developed. This bibliography will be available electronically, as well as in hard copy. All LDEF domestic and foreign publications in the open literature, including scientific journals, the NASA LDEF Symposia volumes, books, technical reports and unrestricted contractor reports will be included in this database. The hard copy, as well as the electronic database, will be categorized by section in the scientific and technical discipline.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) photographic survey special publication

During the construction, integration, launch, retrieval and deintegration of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), photographic surveys were made. Approximately 10,000 photographs were taken during the various phases of the LDEF project. These surveys are of technical and scientific importance because they revealed the pre and post flight conditions of the experiment trays as well as the spacecraft. Visual inspection of the photographs reveal valuable data such as space environment's effects and the earth atmosphere's effects post-retrieval. Careful files and records have been kept of these photographs. Each photograph has a Kennedy Space Center photo number or a Johnson Spaceflight Center photo number as well as a Langley Research Center photo number. The tray number, row number, and experiment number are also noted. Out of the 10,000 photographs taken, approximately 700 selected photographs were chosen for publication in a NASA Special Publication (SP) because they reveal the effects of space exposure to the viewer. These photographs will give researchers and spacecraft designers visual images of the effects of the space environment on specific materials, systems and spacecraft in general. One can visually see the degradation of thermal blankets, meteoroid craters, outgassing discoloration, atomic oxygen erosion, etc.

Oneal, Robert L.↗

LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Part 3: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium

Papers presented at the Second Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium are included. The papers represent the data analysis of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.), electronics, optics, and life science.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Second Post-Retrieval Symposium, part 2

This document is a compilation of papers presented at the Second Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium. The papers represent the data analysis of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.), electronics, optics, and life science.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Part 1: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium

A compilation of papers presented at the Second Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium is included. The papers represent the data analysis of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.), electronics, optics, and life sciences.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Part 4: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium

A compilation of papers presented at the Second Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium are presented. The papers represent the data analysis of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.), electronics, optics, and life sciences.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

Third LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium Abstracts

This volume is a compilation of abstracts submitted to the Third Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium. The abstracts represent the data analysis of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.), electronics, optics, and life science.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

Second LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium Abstracts

These abstracts from the symposium represent the data analysis of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science, (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroids, etc.), electronics, optics, and life science.

Levine, Arlene S.↗

First LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium abstracts

The LDE facility was designed to better understand the environments of space and the effects of prolonged exposure in these environments on future spacecraft. The symposium abstracts presented here are organized according to the symposium agenda into five sessions. The first session provides an overview of the LDEF, the experiments, the mission, and the natural and induced environments the spacecraft and experiments encountered during the mission. The second session presents results to date from studies to better define the environments of near-Earth space. The third session addresses studies of the effects of the space environments on spacecraft materials. The fourth session addresses studies of the effects of the space environments on spacecraft systems. And the fifth session addresses other subjects such as results of the LDEF life science and crystal growth experiments.

Levine, Arlene S.↗