Engineering Papers⌕ Search

Engineering topics

Lee, B.

Publications and source records attributed to Lee, B..

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Improvements to the Blade Element Momentum Formulation of OpenFAST for Skewed Inflows

In this work, we modify the blade element momentum algorithm of OpenFAST to improve its predictions under large skewed inflow conditions. We use the well-known Glauert's skew correction and introduce continuous extension of the model for high-thrust conditions. We present the rationale behind Glauert's empirical model and discuss the different conventions possible for the axial induction factor. We verify the model against the higher-fidelity lifting-line vortex method and blade-resolved computational fluid dynamics, and we observe that the new implementation enhances the accuracy and reliability of OpenFAST's aerodynamic modeling capabilities in conditions involving large skew angles. For the parametric studies run using the different codes, we find that the power changes with the skew angle as cos 1.7 (θ skew ) and the thrust as cos 0.65 (θ skew ). An analysis of the azimuthal variation of the induced velocities in the rotor plane reveals that current redistribution models used in blade element momentum codes may need to be refined.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

CLMM : a LSST-DESC cluster weak lensing mass modeling library for cosmology

ABSTRACT We present the v1.0 release of CLMM, an open source python library for the estimation of the weak lensing masses of clusters of galaxies. CLMM is designed as a stand-alone toolkit of building blocks to enable end-to-end analysis pipeline validation for upcoming cluster cosmology analyses such as the ones that will be performed by the Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time-Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST-DESC). Its purpose is to serve as a flexible, easy-to-install, and easy-to-use interface for both weak lensing simulators and observers and can be applied to real and mock data to study the systematics affecting weak lensing mass reconstruction. At the core of CLMM are routines to model the weak lensing shear signal given the underlying mass distribution of galaxy clusters and a set of data operations to prepare the corresponding data vectors. The theoretical predictions rely on existing software, used as backends in the code, that have been thoroughly tested and cross-checked. Combined theoretical predictions and data can be used to constrain the mass distribution of galaxy clusters as demonstrated in a suite of example Jupyter Notebooks shipped with the software and also available in the extensive online documentation.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Oblique angle deposition of boron carbide films by magnetron sputtering

Many applications of boron carbide (B4C) films entail deposition on non-planar substrates, necessitating a better understanding of oblique angle deposition phenomena. Here, we systematically study the effect of substrate tilt on properties of B 4 C films with thicknesses up to 10 μm deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering. Results show that all films are amorphous and columnar with an average column width of ~100 nm, independent of substrate tilt. Column tilt angles are limited to ~20° even for substrate tilt of 80°. Film density, residual stress, and the refractive index weakly (within ≲20%) depend on substrate tilt. Furthermore, oxygen impurities bond preferentially with carbon atoms in inter-columnar regions. Substrate tilt has a major effect on mechanical properties that decrease by ~50%, suggesting weak interconnection between nano-columns. Implications of these observations for the deposition onto non-planar substrates are discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Drilling of sub-100 μm hourglass-shaped holes in diamond with femtosecond laser pulses

We present images of microholes drilled in diamond using a homemade femtosecond Yb : KGW laser. We use a femtosecond laser source emitting pulses with a duration of 230 fs at a wavelength of 1030 nm, the focusing spot size amounting to 8.9 μm. The effect of the pulse energy and the number of pulses on the microhole geometry (hole diameter, circularity, taper angle, and drilling quality) is evaluated. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of drilling of hourglass-shaped holes in a diamond sample, which have similar diameters at the hole entrance (92 μm) and exit (95 μm), but a much smaller diameter (28 μm) at a certain waist section inside the hole. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Determination of the In-Plane Exciton Radius in 2D CdSe Nanoplatelets via Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy

Colloidal, two-dimensional semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) exhibit quantum confinement in only one dimension, which results in an electronic structure that is significantly altered compared to that of other quantum-confined nanomaterials. Whereas it is often assumed that the lack of quantum confinement in the lateral plane yields a spatially extended exciton, reduced dielectric screening potentially challenges this picture. Here, we implement absorption spectroscopy in pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T for three different CdSe NPL thicknesses and lateral areas. Based on diamagnetic shifts, we find that the exciton lateral extent is comparable to NPL thickness, indicating that the quantum confinement and reduced screening concomitant with few-monolayer thickness strongly reduces the exciton lateral extent. Atomistic electronic structure calculations of the exciton size for varying lengths, widths, and thicknesses support the substantially smaller in-plane exciton extent.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

JLab Measurements of the He 3 Form Factors at Large Momentum Transfers

The charge and magnetic form factors, F C and F M , respectively, of 3 He are extracted in the kinematic range 25 fm –2 ≤ Q 2 ≤ 61 fm –2 from elastic electron scattering by detecting 3 He recoil nuclei and scattered electrons in coincidence with the two High Resolution Spectrometers of the Hall A Facility at Jefferson Lab. The measurements find evidence for the existence of a second diffraction minimum for the magnetic form factor at Q 2 = 49.3 fm –2 and for the charge form factor at Q 2 = 62.0 fm –2 . Both minima are predicted to exist in the Q 2 range accessible by this Jefferson Lab experiment. Here, the data are in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations based on realistic interactions and accurate methods to solve the three-body nuclear problem.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

STELLAR MASSES FROM THE CANDELS SURVEY: THE GOODS-SOUTH AND UDS FIELDS

We present the public release of the stellar mass catalogs for the GOODS-S and UDS fields obtained using some of the deepest near-IR images available, achieved as part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey project. We combine the effort from 10 different teams, who computed the stellar masses using the same photometry and the same redshifts. Each team adopted their preferred fitting code, assumptions, priors, and parameter grid. The combination of results using the same underlying stellar isochrones reduces the systematics associated with the fitting code and other choices. Thanks to the availability of different estimates, we can test the effect of some specific parameters and assumptions on the stellar mass estimate. The choice of the stellar isochrone library turns out to have the largest effect on the galaxy stellar mass estimates, resulting in the largest distributions around the median value (with a semi interquartile range larger than 0.1 dex). On the other hand, for most galaxies, the stellar mass estimates are relatively insensitive to the different parameterizations of the star formation history. The inclusion of nebular emission in the model spectra does not have a significant impact for the majority of galaxies (less than a factor of 2 for ∼80% of the sample). Nevertheless, the stellar mass for the subsample of young galaxies (age <100 Myr), especially in particular redshift ranges (e.g., 2.2 < z < 2.4, 3.2 < z < 3.6, and 5.5 < z < 6.5), can be seriously overestimated (by up to a factor of 10 for <20 Myr sources) if nebular contribution is ignored.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Stable doping of carbon nanotubes via molecular self assembly

We report a novel method for stable doping of carbon nanotubes (CNT) based on methods of molecular self assembly. A conformal growth of a self-assembled monolayer of fluoroalkyl trichloro-silane (FTS) at CNT surfaces results in a strong increase of the sheet conductivity of CNT electrodes by 60–300%, depending on the CNT chirality and composition. The charge carrier mobility of undoped partially aligned CNT films was independently estimated in a field-effect transistor geometry (~100 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹). The hole density induced by the FTS monolayer in CNT sheets is estimated to be ~1.8 ×10¹⁴cm⁻². We also show that FTS doping of CNT anodes greatly improves the performance of organic solar cells. This large and stable doping effect, easily achieved in large-area samples, makes this approach very attractive for applications of CNTs in transparent and flexible electronics.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Reconfigurable and non-volatile vertical magnetic logic gates

In this paper, we discuss the concept and prototype fabrication of reconfigurable and non-volatile vertical magnetic logic gates. These gates consist of two input layers and a RESET layer. The RESET layer allows the structure to be used as either an AND or an OR gate, depending on its magnetization state. To prove this concept, the gates were fabricated using a multi-layered patterned magnetic media, in which three magnetic layers are stacked and exchange-decoupled via non-magnetic interlayers. We demonstrate the functionality of these logic gates by conducting atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) analysis of the multi-layered patterned magnetic media. The logic gates operation mechanism and fabrication feasibility are both validated by the MFM imaging results.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗