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Kuulkers, E.

Publications and source records attributed to Kuulkers, E..

22 records · Page 2

Spectral and correlated timing behaviour of GX 5-1

We have analyzed the X-ray spectral and fast timing behavior of the Z-source GX 5-1 using X-ray color-color diagrams (CDs), hardness-intensity diagrams (HIDs) and power spectra. We used all EXOSAT ME data on GX 5-1, a total of seven observations during 1983-1985. We detect, for the first time in GX 5-1, secular motion of the well-known 'Z' pattern through the CDs and HIDs. This behavior resembles Cyg X-2, but in GX 5-1 has a smaller amplitude. We find that the power spectra do not change when the 'Z' moves, and are only dependent on the position inside the 'Z'. We also report, for the first time in GX 5-1, indications of flaring-branch (FB) like behavior, both during one of our EXOSAT observations, and during observations done with Ginga. As the secular changes of the position of the 'Z' pattern in the CD and HID are relatively small we investigated in detail the systematic changes in the EXOSAT ME detectors using the only bright and steady X-ray 'standard star', the Crab Nebula. Finally, we determined an intrinsic CD of GX 5-1 (i.e. a soft photon flux-ratio versus hard photon flux-ratio diagram) in a model independent way, by applying a first order correction for the detector efficiency. It is shown, using data of the Crab Nebula, that this method works reasonably well for the determination of intrinsic colors.

Kuulkers, E.↗

Spectral eclipse mapping of the accretion disk in the nova-like variable UX Ursae Majoris

We analyze narrow-band eclipse light curves of the nova-like cataclysmic variable UX UMa, obtained from low-resolution spectra spanning lambda lambda 3600-9800 A . The light curves for narrow bands in the continuum as well as those for individual spectral lines are treated independently, and are used to construct images of the accretion disk's brightness distribution using the maximum-entropy eclipse-mapping technique. Particular attention is paid to the propagation of statistical uncertainties in the data and to how the analysis may introduce systematic errors in the final result. From the many narrrow band images we have reconstructed the spectra from isolated parts of the accretion disk. These spectra reveal that the inner disk radiates a continuum spectrum which peaks in the near UV and has the hydrogen Balmer lines in absorption (with the exception of H-alpha), whereas the outer disk is much fainter, has a much redder spectrum, and has Balmer emission lines. Our analysis reveals the presence of an uneclipsed component of the total light, whose spectrum is very red and has Balmer lines in emission. This unexpected feature of the eclipse mapping technique offers a new tool for an independent assessment of the secondary star's spectrum in eclipsing cataclysmic variables.

Rutten, R. G. M.↗

'Glitches' in soft X-ray transients: Echoes of the main burst?

Several soft X-ray transients exhibit one or more intensity jumps ('glitches') that interrupt the decay of the initial 'main' burst. We interpret these glitches as due to enhanced mass flow from the companion star which is responding, essentially linearly, to heating by X-rays from the primary. The process goes on continuously, triggered by ('echoing') the initial burst. A time delay T of a few months occurs in the similarly linear flow of matter from the companion surface to the X-ray-emitting inner disk. The time scale in the inner disk is a few days. If this model is correct there is evidence that the main burst, that has been observed to decay over a time approximately less than T, is caused by a burst of mass flow from the companion.

Augusteijn, T.↗

Spectrally resolved eclipse maps of the accretion disk in UX Ursae Majoris

An effort is made to observationally constrain accretion disks on the basis of light curves from the eclipsing cataclysmic variable UX Ursae Majoris, reconstructing the spectral energy distribution across the face of an accretion disk. The spectral resolution obtained suffices to reveal not only the radial dependence of absorption and emission line features within the disk, but also the spectral details of the bright spot that is formed where the accretion stream from the secondary star collides with the disk. The importance of such constraints for theoretical models is noted.

Rutten, Rene G. M.↗