Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Kobayashi, H. S..
Transponder system uses phase difference between transmitted and reflected high-frequency radio waves to measure distance to target. To suppress spurious measurements of reflections from objects near target at transmitted frequency and its harmonics, transponder at target generates return signal at half transmitted frequency. System useful in such applications as surveying, docking of ships, and short-range navigation.
An apparatus and technique are described for receiving and tracking analog or digital phase modulated signals from 0 deg to 360 deg phase shift. In order to track a signal with many phases, a detector discerns the phase modulation of the incoming signal and a phase shifter generates a negative phase shift opposite in angle to the detected phase angle. This produces a converted series sideband component barrier signal. The residual carrier signal and the converted series sideband component carrier are added together to produce a tracking carrier signal. The tracking carrier signal is multiplied with the output from a voltage controlled oscillator in the tracking loop to obtain an error signal which drives the voltage controlled oscillator and tracks the incoming signal frequency. The technique is less susceptible to carrier interference which may degrade tracking and tracking may be performed at lower signal to noise ratios and for lower input signal power levels.
A microwave radar signal is generated for transmission through an antenna. Before transmission, the signal is phase modulated by 0 deg or 90 deg amounts during each alternate half-cycles of an intermediate frequency (IF) clock signal. After transmission and return, the signal is again phase modulated the same amounts during each alternate half-cycles. The return phase modulated signal is mixed with a leakage signal component of the microwave signal, leaving an IF Doppler. The IF Doppler signal may then be amplified, removing any requirement that direct current level signals be amplified and also removing the effect of detector noise from the Doppler signal.
Ability of microwave Doppler radar to measure velocity of slow moving nearby target is enhanced by pulsed 90 degrees phase shifter in radar transmission line between circulator and antenna. Because of phase shifting, Doppler frequency is detected as modulation on carrier instead of baseband signal. Carrier is amplified and filtered before demodulation, resulting in strong, clean demodulated Doppler for measurement and display.
Error rate of RF digital communication link is measured at low signal-to-noise ratios using this technique. In this method, identical pseudo-random sequences of pulses are generated at transmitter and receiver of link. However, comparison of two sequences at receiver involves integration that makes bit-tracking threshold depend on length of pseudo-random sequence, rather than on actual rate of transmission of individual bits.
In detector, phase shifter is used to generate negative phase shift opposing detected phase angle. This produces converted series sideband and component carrier, with residual carrier signal and converted series sideband and component carrier added together to produce tracking signal.
New demodulator for suppressed carrier pulse-code-modulated signals represents incoming signals as vectors.
A bit synchronizer for a split phase PCM transmission is reported that includes three loop circuits which receive incoming phase coded PCM signals. In the first loop, called a Q-loop, a generated, phase coded, PCM signal is multiplied with the incoming signals, and the frequency and phase of the generated signal are nulled to that of the incoming subcarrier signal. In the second loop, called a B-loop, a circuit multiplies a generated signal with incoming signals to null the phase of the generated signal in a bit phase locked relationship to the incoming signal. In a third loop, called the I-loop, a phase coded PCM signal is multiplied with the incoming signals for decoding the bit information from the PCM signal. A counter means is used for timing of the generated signals and timing of sample intervals for each bit period.
One loop provides error signal which adjusts voltage controlled oscillator. Second loop multiplies input signal with generated in-phase signal. Both signals are integrated over bit period. First loop detects null which indicates lockup, and second loop emphasizes impact signal information.
Signal is demodulated and synchronized by three loop circuits: ''Q'' loop uses quadrature signal to stabilize frequency; ''B'' loop acts on baseboard signal to stabilize phase; and decoding ''I'' loop acts on in-phase signal. Synchronizer may be used to eliminate false-lock.