Enhancing Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems: Innovations in Protecting PLC-Dependent Industrial Infrastructures
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97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Engineering topics
Kim, Jaewon
Publications and source records attributed to Kim, Jaewon.
Robust Dynamic Watermarking for Cyber-Physical Security of Inverter-Based Resources in Power Distribution Systems
Not provided.
Automation & Control Systems↗
Cyber-Secure and Safe Operation of Solar Photovoltaic Power Distribution Systems
Solar photovoltaic (PV)-rich power distribution systems are networked Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). These are control systems where multiple computing nodes and diverse intelligent agents interact with the physical world in real-time. However, the presence of networked components renders them vulnerable to potential cyber-attacks, cyber-intrusions, and other malicious events. This is because these systems depend on the measurements reported from their heterogeneous sensors. This makes them vulnerable to potential cyber-attacks where malicious agents can compromise the sensors or the communication networks carrying the sensor measurements. This paper proposes a novel methodology for enhancing the cyber-security and cyber-resilient post-attack safe operation of solar PV-rich power distribution systems against potential cyber-attacks through the Dynamic Watermarking (DW), using online system identification. The resiliency of the proposed technique is tested and validated with several attack scenarios on both a lab-scale 3kW grid-connected PV inverter and a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) system. The proposed approach can be applied to other types of power distribution systems to enhance their cyber-secure and cyber-resilient safe operation. This paper thereby contributes to the field of cyber-security of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES).
Kim, Jaewon↗
Strengthening Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems: Innovations in Protecting PLC-Based Infrastructure
In this paper, we propose two new approaches aimed at enhancing the security of industrial control systems (ICS) that utilize programmable logic controllers (PLCs) for the control of critical processes. The first approach involves the addition of a unique digital watermark to the PWM control that adjusts the motor speed to control the critical process. This enables efficient detection and identification of any unauthorized modifications to the sensor signals responsible for controlling the plant. The second approach focuses on monitoring the input current (i.e power) drawn by the PLC during the execution of critical process control tasks. Malicious intrusions to change the PLC parameters and/or unauthorized firmware updates can be rapidly detected. Both approaches demonstrate a substantial improvement in the security of ICS, effectively safeguarding against potential cyber-attacks. Experimental results from a laboratory scale water tank level controlled via PLC showcases rapid intrusion detection capabilities.
Huang, Peng-Hao↗
A Robust Method to Secure Multi-Inverter Grid Tied PV and Battery Energy Storage Systems Against Cyber Intrusions
This paper details a robust method to secure a multi-inverter grid tied system that interfaces photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage against potential cyber-attacks. The method can be applied to any third-party inverter systems without a need to modify their internal controls. A small random private excitation signal termed "watermark" is injected into the DC input voltage terminals (via a series transformer) connected to the PV/battery inverter system. An external robust cyber intrusion detector (CID) hardware consisting of a digital signal processor (DSP) generates the "watermark" and also receives the sensor signals that control the setpoints of the PV/battery grid tied system. The CID algorithm is shown to detect all possible cyber intrusions (such as false data injection(FDI)) on external sensor signals such as P and Q measured by a smart meter that control the overall system operation. The proposed CID computes online system ID and two variance tests in real time on each sensor signal and is able pinpoint intrusion location in a multi-inverter system. Results on a hardware in the loop (HIL) of a two-inverter grid connected system demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed CID system for FDI and unobservable FDI. Test results on a laboratory prototype will be discussed in the conference presentation.
Ibrahim, Hasan↗
Designing an Intrusion Detection for an Adjustable Speed Drive System Controlling a Critical Process
In this article, we address the cyber-security problem of industrial control systems (ICSs) when their sensor measurements may be compromised due to an attacker who has intercepted those measurements via a network. We introduce a general-purpose method “Dynamic Watermarking (DW)” to detect potential cyber-intrusions on speed sensor measurements within industrial control systems, which deploy an adjustable speed drive (ASD) to control a critical process. The DW method is injecting a random private low-amplitude signal with a zero mean Gaussian distribution, “watermark”, into one of the input phase voltages powering the ASD system. The watermark signal propagates through the system including pulse width modulation (PWM) power conversion stage and motor, then ultimately appears in the speed sensor measurements. By deploying two statistical DW tests with two proper thresholds, the system can detect potential cyber-intrusions or unobservable cyber-attacks such as replay attacks and false data injection attacks (FDIA). The DW method tested on a laboratory-scale ASD system experimentally to protect the system against cyber-intrusions. This system, powered by a commercial PWM drive operating at 208 V, 3-phase, and 3.7 kW, served as our experimental platform.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Designing an Intrusion Proof Adjustable Speed Drive System Controlling a Critical Process
In this paper, an intrusion proof adjustable speed drive system controlling a critical process in an industrial control system is detailed. In such a system, should the motor speed sensor signal data be compromised and/or altered via a cyber-attack, the system can potentially be unregulated, over speed and/or malfunction thereby disrupting the critical process. The proposed active detection scheme detailed in this paper introduces a private (secret) random signal termed as "watermark" into the inverter control signal that determines the PWM gating signals of the DC-AC inverter powering the motor. The watermarking signal introduced into the PWM modulation for the DC-AC inverter is shown to propagates its unique signature, which appears in all sensors signals at the inverter output such as voltage/current/speed used to control the motor. Now employing the measured data (from sensors), two statistical variance tests are conducted to identify anomalies if any in the presence of the watermarking signal. It is shown when an intrusion occurs to manipulate the sensor data to disturb and/or destabilize the process, the proposed tests immediately display a high value indicating a compromise in sensor data. It is shown that the proposed system is capable of immediate detection of a sophisticated attacks such as record/reply attack in which the actual speed sensor is disconnected and a prerecorded speed signal from the past of the same magnitude is played back to the controller. Several types of cyber-attacks such as speed reduction/increase including vibration have been tested. Extensive simulation results verify the proposed concepts. Experimental results will be discussed in the conference presentation.
Alotaibi, Faris↗
Detection of Cyber Attacks in Grid-tied PV Systems Using Dynamic Watermarking
This paper presents of an active detection scheme for detecting cyber attacks on sensors controlling a grid-tied PV systems. Several cyber vulnerabilities in Grid tied PV Systems are discussed. The defense mechanism introduces a private (secret) watermarking signal into the control inputs of the grid-tied inverter system. This will enable the detection of any malicious manipulation of sensor measurements. Based on the measured data, two statistical tests are conducted to identify anomalies in the system using the presence of the watermarking signal. It shown that when a sensor data is compromised and/or replaced by a pre-recorded healthy signal, both test 1 and 2 exhibit high values indicating a possible malicious activity. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is tested and validated with several attack scenarios on a grid tied PV system. Select results from an experimental setup are discussed.
Ibrahim, Hasan↗
An Active Detection Scheme for Sensor Spoofing in Grid-tied PV Systems
In this paper an active detection scheme for sensor spoofing (manipulated externally via a cyber attack) in grid-tied PV systems is discussed. The core of the proposed active detection scheme is to introduce a private (secret) watermarking signal into the control inputs of the DC-DC converter and DC-AC inverter stages to detect any malicious spoofing (manipulation) of voltage/current sensor measurements controlling both the DC-DC converter maximum power point tracking (MPPT) stage and the DC-AC inverter of the grid-tied PV system. Several types of possible spoofing mechanisms (attack models) are discussed. The proposed sensor spoofing attack detector system consists of injecting a small magnitude of digital watermarking signal (DWS) and conduct three statistical watermark tests on the reported sensor measurements to determine if a) the proposed system is healthy and operating as expected b) if sensor signals were spoofed (manipulated) externally or c) if a particular sensor is malfunctioning due to a faulty hardware. It is shown via extensive simulations that the proposed DWS approach is robust in detecting malicious external manipulation of sensors controlling the grid tied PV system. A testing platform is currently under development and the experimental results will be discussed in the conference presentation.
Ibrahim, Hasan↗
Dirac fast scramblers
In this work, we introduce a family of Gross-Neveu-Yukawa models with a large number of fermion and boson flavors as higher dimensional generalizations of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. The models may be derived from local lattice couplings and give rise to Lorentz invariant critical solutions in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions. These solutions imply anomalous dimensions of both bosons and fermions tuned by the number ratio of boson to fermion flavors. In 1+1 dimension the solution represents a stable critical phase, while in 2+1 dimension it governs a quantum phase transition. We compute the out of time order correlators in the 1+1 dimensional model, showing that it exhibits growth with the maximal Lyapunov exponent λ L =2πT in the low temperature limit.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗