Density and crystallinity measurements of liquid and solid n-undecane, n-tridecane, and o-xylene from 200 to 350K
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Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Hust, J. G..
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Consideration of the problem of ignition and combustion of structural materials, particularly metals, which may come in contact with oxygen during its production, transport, and use. Following a review of the historical development of compatibility problems and research, a detailed account is given of compatibility testing methods aimed at detecting probable ignition sources, such as mechanical impact, electric sparks or flashes, heat, sound waves, abrasion, and surface fractures. A summary is presented of the ignition and combustion research reported in the literature, dwelling particularly on papers concerning oxygen-related accidents and the compatibility of metals with high-pressure oxygen. The relative oxygen compatibility of a number of common materials is discussed, including that of nickel and copper alloys, stainless steels, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys. Finally, an effort is made to pinpoint research areas which would enhance understanding of the compatibility of bulk materials.
The literature on high pressure oxygen compatibility has been surveyed in order to present the existing state of knowledge. Searches have been conducted of NASA and NBS data retrieval systems. In addition, many individuals, active in the field, were contacted in order to retrieve useful unpublished information. Compatibility data, such as mechanical impact, pneumatic impact, ignition temperature, and flash-and-fire point, were compiled for pressures above 200 bar. Lower pressure data were included if they were useful for extrapolation to pressures above 200 bar. These data, too numerous to be given here, are available from the authors. Brief descriptions of the trends of these data are given. Recommendations for additional high pressure studies are included.
The available information on the compatibility of materials with oxygen as applied to the production, transport, and applications experience of high pressure liquid and gaseous oxygen is compiled. High pressure is defined as about 2000 to 3000 psia. Since high pressure projections sometimes can be made from lower pressure data, some low pressure data are also included. Low pressure data are included if they are considered helpful to a better understanding of the behavior at high pressures.
Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity measurements were conducted on two lots of an austenitic stainless steel. Electrical resistivity measurements were performed on the second lot, both before and after the material was hot-swaged and reannealed to a size 1/10 the original diameter. These measurements indicate that this steel can be swaged and reannealed without an appreciable change in thermal conductivity. Electrical resistivity measurements as well as direct thermal conductivity measurements on several specimens from both lots indicate a material variability in these lots of less than 1% in thermal conductivity.
Thermal conductivity data were obtained by the axial one-dimensional heat flow method for a cylindrical rod 3.6 mm in diameter and 23 cm long with an electric heater at one end and a temperature controlled sink at the other. Variability of this iron was studied by means of electrical residual resistivity ratio measurements on 63 specimens. This study showed that with a two-hour anneal at 1000 C one can obtain a thermal conductivity Standard Reference Material that has variability of less than 1% in thermal conductivity.
Metals and alloys thermal conductivity prediction using Lorentz ratio and electrical resistivity measurements
Measurement of thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and thermopower for several aerospace alloys: titanium alloy A110-AT, aluminum alloy 7039, Inconel 718, and Hastelloy X. Tables and graphs of the measured properties and Lorenz ratio are presented over the range from 4 to 300 K. Comparisons to other measurements and theoretical analysis of the data are included. The uncertainties of the property data are estimated as 0.7 to 2.5% for thermal conductivity, 0.25% in electrical resistivity, and about 0.1 microvolt/K in thermopower.
The equipment and techniques for determining the thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity Lorenz ratio, and thermopower characteristics of Fe-22Cr-13Ni-5Mn stainless steel are discussed. The dimensions of the specimen and its preparation are described. The experimental data are represented by arbitrary functions over the entire range and smooth tables are generated from these functions.
Determination of thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, Lorentz ratio, and thermopower for annealed specimen of Inconel 718 at temperatures from 4 to 300 K
New apparatus allows accurate simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and thermopower for technically important materials, such as new or uncommon alloys. A list of materials investigated is presented. Sources for obtaining data on these materials, as well as the source giving a description of the apparatus, are cited.
Thermal anchoring of wire or rod components to heat sinks in cryogenic equipment in vacuum
Temperature scales, definition and measurement, discussing scale differences, temperatures below freezing, conversion methods, etc
Measurement apparatus for broad thermal conductivity testing of aerospace alloys used in low temperature systems
Thermodynamic property data for argon
Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, Lorentz ratio and thermopower of aerospace alloys at cryogenic temperatures, considering Inconel, Hastelloy, Ti and Al alloys
Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, Lorentz ratio and thermopower of aerospace alloys in 4-300 K range, separating electronic and lattice contributions
Mathematical methods for incorporating thermodynamic data into least squares fit