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Hurley, K.

Publications and source records attributed to Hurley, K..

At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

Two probable optical flashes from gamma-ray bursters

Two images on archival photographic plates which are most likely records of optical flashes from gamma-ray bursters (GRBs) were examined. One of these images appears on a 1901 plate in the field of the 5 Nov. 1979 GRB, while the other is in the field of the 13 Jan. 1979 GRB on a plate exposed in 1944. The 1901 optical transient image is circular in shape, while all normal star images are trailed by 8 in. No optical transients are found in a control region which is 34.3 times larger than the GRB error regions examined. Independent limits on the optical flash rate from the sky yield a probability of less than 0.0001 that any one of the optical transients is due to a background flash. A total exposure of 2.7 years was examined for GRB flashes at known GRB locations on the Harvard plates and a total of three GRB flashes were seen, that the average recurrence time scale for optical flashes is roughly one year. The optical fluence of these optical flashes was measured. For the three currently known GRB optical flashes, the ratio of gamma-ray fluence (from a modern burst) to the optical fluence (from a archival burst) were measured to be 800, 900, and 900.

Schaefer, B. E.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Three precise gamma-ray burst source locations

The precise source regions of three moderately intense gamma ray bursts are derived. These events were observed with the first interplanetary burst sensor network. The optimum locations of the detectors, widely separated throughout the inner solar system, allowed for high accuracy, over-determined source fields of size 0.7 to 7.0 arc-min(2). All three locations are at fairly high galactic latitude in regions of low source confusion; none can be identified with a steady source object. Archived photographs were searched for optical transients that are able to be associated with these source fields; one such association was made.

Cline, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Time history, energy spectrum, and localization of an unusual gamma-ray burst

A gamma-ray burst lasting about 48 ms was observed on June 13, 1979 by four instruments in the interplanetary network. The event is unusual not only by virture of its extremely short duration, but also by the presence of rise and fall times at the 2 ms level in the time history, and because the energy spectrum is hard, extending to 2 MeV. The 0.7 sq arcmin error box contains no optical counterpart on the POSS plate (limiting magnitude, about 21). The spectral characteristics measured by experiments in the interplanetary network are substantially different from those previously reported for this burst.

Barat, C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Fine time structure in the 1979 March 5 gamma ray burst

Data on the impulsive phase of the 1979 March 5 gamma ray burst, taken by three identical detectors aboard the Prognoz 7, Venera 11, and Venera 12 spacecraft with 2 ms time resolution, are presented. The first 200 ms of the time history may be described by an exponential decay with time constant of approximately 120 ms up to approximately 100 ms, and time constant of approximately 30 ms thereafter; at low energies, a pulsating component with a period of approximately 23 ms appears. The data could be consistent with torsional vibrations of a neutron star, the rotation of a rapidly spinning neutron star, or oscillations caused by interactions between hot plasma and a magnetic field.

Barat, C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

N49: The site of a gamma-ray burst - Preliminary results from X-ray observations

The error box of the unusual gamma-ray burst of Mar. 5, 1979 falls completely inside the optical and radio image of the supernova remnant N49 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. This region was observed twice in X-rays with the High-Resolution Imager of the Einstein Observatory, six weeks and nearly two years after the gamma-ray burst. A comparison between the two observations is shown.

Pizzichini, G.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A catalog of gamma-ray bursts with earth crossing times

A catalog of 111 confirmed gamma-ray bursts detected between 1967 July and 1979 June is presented. Both localization information and earth crossing times for the gamma-ray wave fronts are given. Data which have appeared in some previous catalogs have been revised; many previously unpublished events detected by an international network of dedicated deep space and near-earth experiments since 1976 are also presented.

Klebesadel, R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Einstein observations of the 1978 November 19 gamma ray burst source field

It is pointed out that several years after the discovery of cosmic gamma ray bursts (GRB) their sources have not yet been identified, although searches have been conducted in optical, X-ray, and radio wavelengths. The three smallest error boxes are now related to the events of Mar. 5, 1979, Apr. 6, 1979, and Nov. 19, 1978. X-ray observations, with the Imaging Proportional Counter (IPC) of the Einstein Observatory, were made for all three locations. A description is presented of the results of the 8200 second IPC observation of the Nov. 19, 1978 GRB, made on July 1 and 2, 1980. Three sources were detected. However, two of them were outside the GRB error box. The third source is located well inside the burst error box.

Pizzichini, G.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Precise source location of the anomalous 1979 March 5 gamma ray transient

Refinements in the source direction analysis of the observations of the unusual gamma ray transient are presented. The final results from the interplanetary gamma ray burst network produce a 0.1 arc sq. min. error box. It is nested inside the initially determined 2 arc sq min. source region. This smaller source location is within both the optical and X-ray contours of N49 although not positioned at either contour center.

Cline, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

High-precision source location of the 1978 November 19 gamma-ray burst

The celestial source location of the November 19, 1978, intense gamma ray burst has been determined from data obtained with the interplanetary gamma-ray sensor network by means of long-baseline wave front timing instruments. Each of the instruments was designed for studying events with observable spectra of approximately greater than 100 keV, and each provides accurate event profile timing in the several millisecond range. The data analysis includes the following: the triangulated region is centered at (gamma, delta) 1950 = (1h16m32s, -28 deg 53 arcmin), at -84 deg galactic latitude, where the star density is very low and the obscuration negligible. The gamma-ray burst source region, consistent with that of a highly polarized radio source described by Hjellming and Ewald (1981), may assist in the source modeling and may facilitate the understanding of the source process. A marginally identifiable X-ray source was also found by an Einstein Observatory investigation. It is concluded that the burst contains redshifted positron annihilation and nuclear first-excited iron lines, which is consistent with a neutron star origin.

Cline, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Location of the 1979 April 6 gamma-ray burst

A gamma-ray burst was recorded on 1979 April 6 at 1140 UT by instruments on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO), Venera 11 (V11), Venera 12 (V12), Prognoz 7 (P7), and International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft. The event consisted of a single spike of 0.2 s duration and had a spectral feature near 400 keV, thus resembling the 1979 March 5 event in two respects. However, important differences in rise time and spectral hardness make it impossible to conclude positively that the two events shared the same mechanism or had comparable energetics. Constraints placed by these findings on the energetics and types of objects that could be responsible for the April 6 and possibly the March 5 bursts are discussed.

Laros, J. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Detection of a fast, intense and unusual gamma-ray transient

An unusual transient pulse of greater than approximately 50 keV photons was detected on March 5, 1979 by the gamma-ray burst sensor network using nine space probes and satellites. Its characteristics are unlike those of the known variety of gamma-ray bursts and therefore suggest that it was formed either by a completely different origin species or in a very different manner. In a companion Letter it is identified with the LMC supernova remnant N49.

Cline, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Location of the gamma-ray transient event of 1979 March 5

The paper discusses the gamma event of Mar. 5, 1979, the most intense burst of nonsolar high-energy photons ever recorded, which was observed by 12 gamma burst instruments on nine spacecraft. The fast rise time of the event and ephemeris and absolute time information from the spacecraft are considered, and a unique and redundantly determined 1 x 2 arcmin error box centered at R.A. = 5h 25.95m, decl. = -66 deg 07.1 arcmin (equinox 1950.0) is found. Statistical arguments favor identification with the SNR N49, located within the box. It is suggested that if N49 was the source of the transient, then peak gamma-ray and hard X-5ay luminosity was between 10 to the 44th and 10 to the 45th ergs/s, and the total radiated energy was between 10 to the 43rd and 10 to the 44th ergs.

Evans, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Gamma-ray burst source locations

Instrumentation for observing cosmic gamma-ray bursts has been provided for widely separated spacecraft, including the Pioneer Venus Orbiter, ISEE-3, Helios-B, Venera 10 and 11, and Prognoz 7. Simultaneous observations have been made of several gamma bursts with various combinations of these spacecraft and near-earth satellites. Locations of the gamma-burst sources have been calculated for those events where precise timing and ephemeris data are available. The results of optical and HEAO-B observations of the resultant error boxes will be discussed.

Evans, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Detection of a fast, intense and unusual gamma ray transient

An unusual transient pulse of approximately 50 keV was detected by the gamma-ray burst sensor network using nine space probes and satellites. Its characteristics are unlike those of the known variety of gamma-ray bursts and therefore suggest that it was formed either by a completely different origin species or in a very different manner. It is identified with the LMC supernova remnant N49.

Cline, T. L.↗