Experiments and Simulations of Laser-Driven Tin Ejecta Microjets
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Physics↗
Engineering topics
Horwitz, J.
Publications and source records attributed to Horwitz, J..
Multiple Satellite Observations of High-Latitude Ionospheric Outflows
We will present reported observations of up- and down-flows of topside ionospheric thermal plasmas from multiple near-simultaneous tracks through the high-latitude topside ionosphere. From several Southern polar passes, it has been possible to construct plots of field-aligned flows of O+ observed by the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment(TIDE) on the POLAR spacecraft near 5000 km altitude together with vertical ion flow observations from one or more DMSP spacecraft near 800 km altitude. We will also involve simulations from our Dynamic Fluid-Kinetic(DyFK) modeling of polar plasma transport and display resulting altitude profiles of ion parallel velocities and densities, and overlay those profiles with the "conjunction" measurements by DMSP(800 km) and POLAR(approx. 5000 km altitude). We also will present simultaneous observations of POLAR auroral UVI images with field-aligned flows.
Horwitz, J.↗
The C-terminal region of alpha-crystallin: involvement in protection against heat-induced denaturation
Recent studies have demonstrated that the alpha-crystallins can protect other proteins against heat-induced denaturation and aggregation. To determine the possible involvement of the C-terminal region in this activity, the alpha-crystallins were subjected to limited tryptic digestion, and the amount of cleavage from the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the alpha-A and alpha-B crystallin chains was assessed using antisera specific for these regions. Limited tryptic digestion resulted in cleavage only from the C-terminal region of alpha-A crystallin. This trypsin-treated alpha-A crystallin preparation showed a decreased ability to protect proteins from heat-induced aggregation using an in vitro assay. Together, these results demonstrate that the C-terminal region of alpha-A crystallin is important for its ability to protect against heat-induced aggregation, which is consistent with the hypothesis that post-translational changes that are known to occur at the C-terminal region may have significant effects on the ability of alpha-A crystallin to protect against protein denaturation in vivo.
NASA Discipline Cell Biology↗
The ability of lens alpha crystallin to protect against heat-induced aggregation is age-dependent
Alpha crystallin was prepared from newborn and aged bovine lenses. SDS-PAGE and tryptic peptide mapping demonstrated that both preparations contained only the alpha-A and alpha-B chains, with no significant contamination of other crystallins. Compared with alpha crystallin from the aged lens, alpha crystallin from the newborn lens was much more effective in the inhibition of beta L crystallin denaturation and precipitation induced in vitro by heat. Together, these results demonstrate that during the aging process, the alpha crystallins lose their ability to protect against protein denaturation, consistent with the hypothesis that the alpha crystallins play an important role in the maintenance of protein native structure in the intact lens.
NASA Discipline Cell Biology↗
Oxidation of the N-terminal methionine of lens alpha-A crystallin
Antiserum against the N-terminal peptide of bovine alpha-A crystallin has been used to monitor purification of two different seropositive peptides (i.e. T1a and T1b) from a tryptic digest of bovine lens proteins. Both these peptides have similar amino acid compositions, but peptide T1b has a molecular weight 16 atomic mass units larger than T1a, suggesting posttranslational modification. Analysis of ionization fragments of the T1b peptide by mass spectrometry demonstrates that this difference in molecular weight is due to the in vivo oxidation of the N-terminal met residue of the alpha-A crystallin molecule.
NASA Discipline Cell Biology↗
Ion momentum and energy transfer rates for charge exchange collisions
The rates of momentum and energy transfer have been obtained for charge exchange collisions between ion and neutral gases having arbitrary Maxwellian temperatures and bulk transport velocities. The results are directly applicable to the F-region of the ionosphere where 0+ - 0 charge is the dominant mechanism affecting ion momentum and energy transfer.
Horwitz, J.↗