Engineering topics
Hook, S. J.
Publications and source records attributed to Hook, S. J..
Monitoring Eruptive Activity at Mount St. Helens with TIR Image Data
Thermal infrared (TIR) data from the MASTER airborne imaging spectrometer were acquired over Mount St. Helens in Sept and Oct, 2004, before and after the onset of recent eruptive activity. Pre-eruption data showed no measurable increase in surface temperatures before the first phreatic eruption on Oct 1. MASTER data acquired during the initial eruptive episode on Oct 14 showed maximum temperatures of similar to approximately 330 C and TIR data acquired concurrently from a Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera showed maximum temperatures similar to approximately 675 C, in narrow (approximately 1-m) fractures of molten rock on a new resurgent dome. MASTER and FLIR thermal flux calculations indicated a radiative cooling rate of approximately 714 J/m(exp 2)/s over the new dome, corresponding to a radiant power of approximately 24 MW. MASTER data indicated the new dome was dacitic in composition, and digital elevation data derived from LIDAR acquired concurrently with MASTER showed that the dome growth correlated with the areas of elevated temperatures. Low SO2 concentrations in the plume combined with sub-optimal viewing conditions prohibited quantitative measurement of plume SO2. The results demonstrate that airborne TIR data can provide information on the temperature of both the surface and plume and the composition of new lava during eruptive episodes. Given sufficient resources, the airborne instrumentation could be deployed rapidly to a newly-awakening volcano and provide a means for remote volcano monitoring.
Application of EOS MODIS and ASTER data to lake monitoring
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Mapping Acid Sulfate Alteration of Basaltic Andesite with Thermal Infrared Data
Airborne thermal infrared multi- and hyperspectral data sets are used to map sulfate alteration of basaltic andesites near Reno, NV. Alteration includes quartz-alunite, jarosite and a number of clay minerals such as kaolinite and montmorillonite. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
Current Activity of the U.S. ASTER Science Team
The U.S. ASTER Science Team is currently engaged in numerous ASTER related activities, many of them jointly with our Japanese colleagues. These include vicarious instrument calibration, algorithm development and validation for higher level data products, assistance to ERSDAC for scheduling activities (primarily for U.S. users), assistance to data users other than Science Team members, and science applications of ASTER data, notably in the areas of glacial monitoring, volcanic monitoring, heat balance determinations, geologic mapping, and cloud studies.
Current activity of U.S. ASTER Science Team
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In-flight validation of remotely sensed thermal infrared data using an automated validation site - Lake Tahoe, CA
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Land surface temperature measurements by ASTER and MODIS - first results
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Detectability of Martian Evaporites: Terrestrial Analog Studies with MASTER Data
No evaporite mineral deposits have yet been identified on Mars. We present initial results of a terrestrial analog study in Death Valley using airborne hyperspectral data to determine thresholds of detectability for evaporites in current and upcoming Mars datasets.
Remote Sensing of Earth's Surface and Atmosphere: Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission A of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington, DC, 28 Aug. - 5 Sep., 1992
This conference reviewed the recent developments in remote monitoring of surface temperatures, which will be significant in future global change studies. Various techniques to derive surface temperature from existing and future remote sensing systems such as earth observing system (EOS) are discussed. Five sessions were held: (1) The nature of the problem of remote sensing of surface temperatures; (2) Surface temperature measurements from current satellites; (3) Modeling and surface observations of various techniques to measure temperature and/or emissivity, modeling of vegetation; (4) The effects of variable spectral emissivity from the determination of surface kinetic temperature using multispectral thermal infrared measurements; and (5) Future satellite systems including EOS/ASTER, EOS/MODIS-N, and EOS/AIRS.
Mapping the Piute Mountains, CA with Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS)
Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) data were acquired in 1990 over the PiuteMountains, California to evaluate their usefulness for lithologic mapping in an area ofmetamorphosed, structurally complex, igneous and sedimentary rocks. The data were calibrated,atmospherically corrected, and emissivity variations extracted from them. There was an excellentvisual correlation between the units revealed in the TIMS data and the recent mapping in the easternside of the area. It was also possible to correct, improve and extend the recent map. For example,several areas of amphibolite were identified in the TIMS data that had been incorrectly mapped asgranodioritic gneiss, and the presence of a swarm of mafic dikes, of which only a few had previouslybeen identified, was revealed...
Laboratory Reflectance Spectra of 160 Minerals, 0.4 to 2.5 Micrometers
This reports provides reflectance spectra of 160 minerals in both digital and printed form. In order to demonstrate the effect of particle size on reflectance, the spectral data for 135 of the minerals are presented at three different grain sizes. These are 125-500 microns, 45-125 microns and less than 45 microns. Ancillary information is provided with each mineral spectrum, which includes the mineral name, minerology, supplier, sampling locality and our designated sample number. The purity of every mineral sample was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The composition of certain minerals known to deviate strongly from idealized end-member compositions was determined by electron microprobe analysis. The compositional information obtained by microbe analysis and accessory minerals identified by XRD are noted with the ancillary information. In addition, the spectrum acquired from the coarsest grain size available for each sample was processed with a feature-finding algorithm to quantify the characteristics of the spectral absorption features. All the reflectance spectra presented here are provided in digital form on IBM-compatible 3.5" diskettes. Also included on diskette is a program for displaying the spectral data and searching for spectral features that runs on an IBM-compatible PC with standard VCA graphics.