Improved Constraints on Sterile Neutrino Mixing from Disappearance Searches in the MINOS, MINOS + , Daya Bay, and Bugey-3 Experiments
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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Engineering topics
He, M.
Publications and source records attributed to He, M..
Highly Stretchable, Transparent, and Conductive Wood Fabricated by in Situ Photopolymerization with Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvents
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99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Advancing Data Assimilation in Operational Hydrologic Forecasting: Progresses, Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities
Data assimilation (DA) holds considerable potential for improving hydrologic predictions as demonstrated in numerous research studies. However, advances in hydrologic DA research have not been adequately or timely implemented in operational forecast systems to improve the skill of forecasts for better informed real-world decision making. This is due in part to a lack of mechanisms to properly quantify the uncertainty in observations and forecast models in real-time forecasting situations and to conduct the merging of data and models in a way that is adequately efficient and transparent to operational forecasters. The need for effective DA of useful hydrologic data into the forecast process has become increasingly recognized in recent years. This motivated a hydrologic DA workshop in Delft, the Netherlands in November 2010, which focused on advancing DA in operational hydrologic forecasting and water resources management. As an outcome of the workshop, this paper reviews, in relevant detail, the current status of DA applications in both hydrologic research and operational practices, and discusses the existing or potential hurdles and challenges in transitioning hydrologic DA research into cost-effective operational forecasting tools, as well as the potential pathways and newly emerging opportunities for overcoming these challenges. Several related aspects are discussed, including (1) theoretical or mathematical aspects in DA algorithms, (2) the estimation of different types of uncertainty, (3) new observations and their objective use in hydrologic DA, (4) the use of DA for real-time control of water resources systems, and (5) the development of community-based, generic DA tools for hydrologic applications. It is recommended that cost-effective transition of hydrologic DA from research to operations should be helped by developing community-based, generic modeling and DA tools or frameworks, and through fostering collaborative efforts among hydrologic modellers, DA developers, and operational forecasters.
forecasting↗
Intensities of high-energy cosmic rays at Mount Kanbala
The energy spectra of atmospheric cosmic rays at Mt. Kanbala (520 g/sq cm.) are measured with emulsion chambers. The power indexes of the spectra are values of about 2.0 for both gamma-rays and hadrons. Those fluxes are consistent with the ones expected from the model of primary cosmic rays with heavy nuclei of high content in the energy around 10 to the 15th power eV.
Ren, J. R.↗
Transverse momentum distribution of pion deg in the fragmentation region of super high energy interactions
The lateral distribution of gamma-families observed by emulsion chamber is sensitive to test transverse momentum of high energy interaction. But most part gamma-families are succesive interation's results which makes it necessary to analyze the propagation of gamma-ray in atmosphere. A gamma-ray with energy Er and transverse momentum Pt is produced at the altitude h. In the emulsion chamber experiment, Eob is estimated by decascade method. There are 30 gamma-families observed by Ganbala emulsion Chamber. A group of Monte-Carlo simulation gamma-families are used to compare with experimental data with the same treatment. It is found that both distributions are consistent.
Ren, J. R.↗
A cosmic ray super high multicore family event. 1: Experiment and general features
Information on the fragmentation region in super high energy hadronic interactions can be obtained through the observations of gamma-ray families produced by cosmic rays. Gamma-ray families with the sum of E sub gamma or 1000 TeV are receiving increasing interests in emulsion chamber experiments. There exist some complications caused by the superposition of nuclear and electromagnetic cascades and the uncertainty in the nature of the primary particles. These complications usually make the conclusions drawn from various interesting phenomena observed in family events not so definite. An interesting family event KO E19, which is likely to have suffered only very slight disturbances is described. It was found in the Mt. Kambala emulsion chamber experiment. The production height of the event is determined to be H=(70 + or - 30)m and some conclusions are given.
Ren, J. R.↗
On the halo events observed by Mount Fuji and Mount Kanbala Emulsion Chamber Experiments
The intensity of big gamma-ray families associated by halo is obtained from Mt. Fuji experiment (650 g/sq.cm. atmospheric depth) and Mt. Kanbala experiment (515 g/sq.cm.). The results are compared with Monte Carlo calculation based on several assumptions on interaction mechanisms and the primary cosmic ray composition. The results suggest more than 3 times lower proton abundance among primaries than that of 10 to the 12th to 10 to the 13th eV region within the framework of quasi-scaling model of multiple production.
Ren, J. R.↗
Intensities of high-energy cosmic rays at Mount Kanbala
General features of family events with Summary E sub gamma 200 TeV, observed by the emulsion chambers at Mt. Kanbala, are presented in comparison with the Monte Carlo simulation. The lateral and cluster structure, and the energy spectra of constituent gamma-rays and hadrons are shown to be consistent with the Monte Carlo results calculated under the assumption of heavy-enriched primary, scaling, QCD jets and increasing cross-section.
Ren, J. R.↗