Engineering topics
Hanson, D.
Publications and source records attributed to Hanson, D..
Biologically inspired intelligent robots
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Biologically inspired intelligent robots
This Symposium covers the recent advances and trends in biomimetic robots, that is, the emulation of life using robotic machines.
Androids: application of EAP as artificial muscles to entertainment industry
The classic movie Metropolis (1926), which is nowadays considered a cinema milestone, has shown the possibility to build robots called androids that are science and fiction run together to realize a dream: the human-like robot. In that movie, Dr. Rotwang transforms a simple and cold calculating robot into the body of a beautiful woman. Robots have often been depicted as metal creatures with cold steel bodies, but there is no reason why metals should be the only kind of material for construction of robots. The authors examined the issues related to applying electroactive polymers materials (EAP) to the entertainment industry. EAP are offering attractive characteristics with the potential to produce more realistic models of living creatures at significantly lower cost. This paper seeks to elucidate how EAP might infiltrate and ultimately revolutionize entertainment, showing some applicative examples.
Precision ozone calibration system based on vapor pressures of ozone
A precision ozone calibration system for stratospheric research has been developed and evaluated. Vapor pressures above solid ozone are mixed with a carrier gas (N2) to produce stratospheric ozone mixing ratios at total pressures of 1 to cover 20 torr. The uncertainty in the ozone mixing ratios is approximately + or - 1.5 percent, the stability of ozone is + or - 0.3 percent. Experiments to be calibrated may sample the gas mixture over a wide range of flow rates; the maximum throughput of gas with corrections of less than 1 percent to ozone is about 200 torr 1/min. A mass spectrometer system continuously monitors the purity and stability of the N2-O3 gas mixture.
Measurement of the ozone absorption cross-section at the 253.7 nm mercury line
The absorption cross-section of ozone at 253.7 nm is frequently used as a standard for the entire UV wavelength range. The presently accepted value is 1.147 x 10 to the -17th/sq cm, which is known with an uncertainty of about 2 percent. The cross-section has been recently measured by simultaneously monitoring the ozone pressure, the impurities in the ozone gas, the gas temperature, and the UV beam intensity. The cross-section at room temperature was found to be 1.137 x 10 to the -17th/sq cm having an uncertainty of + or - .7 percent. The improved accuracy will aid a number of ozone experiments including the in situ photometers and Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instruments.
Precision ozone vapor pressure measurements
The vapor pressure above liquid ozone has been measured with a high accuracy over a temperature range of 85 to 95 K. At the boiling point of liquid argon (87.3 K) an ozone vapor pressure of 0.0403 Torr was obtained with an accuracy of + or - 0.7 percent. A least square fit of the data provided the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for liquid ozone; a latent heat of 82.7 cal/g was calculated. High-precision vapor pressure data are expected to aid research in atmospheric ozone measurements and in many laboratory ozone studies such as measurements of cross sections and reaction rates.
A new ozone standard - The vapor pressure of ozone at liquid argon temperatures
The vapor pressure of ozone has been measured at liquid argon temperatures. At the normal boiling point of argon (-185.9 C) an ozone pressure of 0.0405 torr was obtained with an accuracy of + or - 1.5 percent. Increases and decreases in liquid argon temperatures raised and lowered the ozone vapor pressure, respectively. During the vapor pressure measurements the purity of ozone was monitored with a mass spectrometer. The proposed ozone standard will considerably improve the calibration of experiments for atmospheric research, the determination of absorption cross sections and other laboratory ozone studies.