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Gutmark, E.

Publications and source records attributed to Gutmark, E..

Characteristics of two adjacent rectangular jets

Rectangular supersonic (Design Mach number 1.8), single and twin free jets were tested in a Mach number range of 1.2 to 2.4. The objective was to study the interaction between the jets and the effect of the interaction on the spreading rate of the jets. Nozzle spacing in the range of one to four equivalent exit diameters, and jet Mach number were the parameters investigated. The experimental techniques used were Schlieren visualization and direct mixing (gas sampling) measurements from which jet spreading can be readily obtained. At the design Mach number of the nozzles and above the twin jets interact but the interaction does not affect the spreading rate of the jets. At lower Mach numbers, a moderate increase in the twin jets' spread compared to the single jet's spread was observed. The greater increase was observed for nozzle spacing of two equivalent exit diameters. Similar conclusions are drawn from both visualization and direct mixing results.

Zeierman, S.

Effect of convective Mach number on mixing of coaxial circular and rectangular jets

Rectangular supersonic free and coaxial jets were used to enhance mixing relative to a circular jet in a convective Mach number range of 0.5 to 2.2. The different convective Mach numbers were obtained by changing the central jet gas composition, the temperatures of the inner and outer flows, and the velocity of the coaxial flow. The experimental techniques used were schlieren photography, total pressure, and gas-sampling measurements. For all test conditions the rectangular jets showed substantial improved mixing relative to a circular jet. The free jets showed high mixing in the circumferential region of the jet while the coaxial jet had a high mixing rate inside the central jet.

Gutmark, E.

Compressible spreading rates of supersonic coaxial jets

The compressible spreading rates of two supersonic coaxial jets were studied experimentally. The center jet had a fully expanded Mach number of 3 and the outer jet of M = 1.8. The geometries of the center jet were circular and rectangular with two configurations, both with a 3:1 aspect ratio. The convective Mach numbers Mc were varied in the range between 0.25 and 2.25. The spreading rate of the center circular jet decreased with increasing Mc until it reached a constant value of 0.2 to 0.3 of the incompresible spreading rate for Mc larger than 1.4. The rectangular jets exhibited a similar drop at the same range of Mc, but their spreading rate was higher relative to the circular jet over the entire Mc range.

Schadow, K. C.