Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Freche, J. C..
A nickel-base superalloy based on the nickel-aluminum-tungsten system designated WAZ-16 was developed for high strength in the 1095 C (2000 F) to 1205 C (2200 F) range. Its tensile strength at the latter temperature is approximately 186 MN/m2 (27,000 psi). The combination of properties of the alloy suggest that it has potential as a stator vane material in advanced gas turbine engines.
A highly alloyed superalloy material is obtained using prealloyed powders. The material is easily shaped at high temperatures when it becomes superplastic because of its particular microstructure.
Heat treating a product material of prealloyed powders after shaping by superplastic deformation restores the ability of the material to resist deformation at high temperatures. Heat treating is accomplished by heating to a temperature between the solidus and liquidus with the application of isostatic pressure to close any voids. This pressure may be simultaneously applied while the material is at the heat treating temperature. The pressure may also be applied when the material cools to a temperature between that at which it is shaped and the solidus.
A microstructurally stable, high strength cobalt based alloy for use at elevated temperatures to 2125 F was developed. The alloys are particularly directed for use in stators and other low stress components in advanced gas turbines.
Technique could be applied directly to loose powders as part of hot pressing process of forming them to any required shapes. This would eliminate initial extrusion step commonly applied to prealloyed powders, substantially reduce cost of forming operation, and result in optimum properties.
The cobalt-base alloy HS-31 was atomized into powder and then consolidated by extrusion or by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) in an autoclave over a range of temperatures spanning the solidus, approximately 2340 F. Extrusions were subsequently autoclaved at the same conditions. Extrusions autoclaved at 2420 F had a life of 300 hours at 1200 F and 30 hours at 1800 F at stresses that result in a 10-hour life with cast HS-31. Superior stress rupture lives of autoclaved material are probably related to the solidification structure at the grain boundaries as well as to the increased grain size.
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Advanced alloy design technique was developed for treating alloys that will have extended life in service at high temperature and intermediate temperatures. Process stabilizes microstructure of the alloy by designing it so that compound identified with embrittlement is eliminated or minimized. Design process is being used to develop both nickel and cobalt-base superalloys.
Application of prealloyed powder technology to the NASA-TRW-VI-A alloy shows the potential of highly alloyed normally cast superalloys for achieving superior properties at intermediate temperatures.
Heat treatment process involves heating products to a temperature above the solidus, and subsequently applying pressure at a temperature below the solidus. Technique can be modified to one step process involving simultaneous application if both high pressure and heat. Process is not limited to cobalt-base alloys.
Bar stock of the NASA-TRW 6-A alloy was made by prealloyed powder techniques and its properties evaluated over a range of temperatures. Room temperature ultimate tensile strength was 1894 MN/sq m (274 500 psi). The as-extruded powder product showed substantial improvements in strength over the cast alloy up to 649 C (1200 F) and superplasticity at 1093 C (2000 F). Both conventional and autoclave heat treatments were applied to the extruded powder product. The conventional heat treatment was effective in increasing rupture life at 649 and 704 C (1200 and 1300 F); the autoclave heat treatment, at 760 and 816 C (1400 and 1500 F).
Cavitation damage resistance of Fe, Ni and Co alloys in liquid sodium and mercury
Modification of high temperature cobalt-tungsten alloys for improved stability
Evaluation of cobalt base alloy made by extrusion of prealloyed powders
Tensile and stress rupture tests of Co base alloy bars extruded from prealloyed powders made by Ar gas atomization
Tensile and stress rupture tests of cobalt alloy HS-31 in as-extruded and heat-treated states
Cavitation damage resistance of iron alloys, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys in liquid sodium and mercury - review of NASA program
NASA programs for development of high temperature alloys for advanced air breathing engines emphasizing cast Ni-base alloy