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Fichtel, C. E.

Publications and source records attributed to Fichtel, C. E..

At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Measurements of the Fe-group abundance in energetic solar particles

The abundance of Fe-group nuclei in the energetic solar particles was measured twice in the 24 January 1971 event and once in the 2 September 1971 event. Including earlier results from the 2 September 1966 event, the Fe-group abundance was found to be in the range from 3% to 6% of the oxygen nuclei in the energy interval from 21 to 50 MeV/nucleon, in those events where the Fe-group abundance could be measured. Fe-nuclei have a different charge-to-mass ratio from that of the C, N, O nuclei, so small variations in the Fe abundance in solar particles are expected. In the three exposures where the statistics were adequate to construct an energy spectrum, the Fe-group nuclei were seen to have an energy/nucleon spectrum similar to that of the C, N, O nuclei; however, the energy/nucleon range was limited. The abundance for the Fe-group nuclei is consistent with the present solar spectroscopic abundance estimates.

Bertsch, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Nuclear composition and energy spectra in the 1969 April 12 solar-particle event.

Measurement of the charge composition for several of the multicharged nuclei and the energy spectra for hydrogen, helium, and medium (6 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 9) nuclei in the Apr. 12, 1969, solar-particle event. The energy/nucleon spectral shape of the medium nuclei was again the same as that of the helium nuclei, and the ratio of these two species was consistent with the present best average of 58 plus or minus 5. By combining the results obtained here with previous work, improved estimates of the Ne/O and Mg/O values of 0.16 plus or minus 0.03 and 0.056 plus or minus 0.014, respectively, were obtained. Silicon and sulfur abundances relative to O were determined to be 0.208 plus or minus 0.008 plus or minus 0.006, respectively, and 85% confidence upper limits for Ar and Ca relative to O of 0.017 and 0.010 were obtained. Previously, these last four nuclei had only been listed as a group.

Bertsch, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1971

The gamma ray experiment for the Small Astronomy Satellite B (SAS-B)

A magnetic core digitized spark chamber gamma ray telescope has been developed for satellite use. The detector has the following characteristics: effective area = 500 cu/cm, solid angle = 1/4 SR; efficiency (high energy) = 0.29; and time resolution of better than two milliseconds.

Fichtel, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Charge composition of solar cosmic rays

The composition of energetic solar particles is reviewed for all solar events in which measurements on helium and heavier nuclei have been made simultaneously in the same detector during a given particle event. For nuclei of equal charge-to-mass ratio, the relative abundances have been the same within uncertainties in every measurement, and consistent with spectroscopic photospheric estimates. Iron has a slightly different charge-to-mass ratio but is still of considerable interest. An observation of the Fe/O in the January 24, 1971 solar event has provided a second determination of this value.

Bertsch, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Experiment S009: Nuclear Emulsion

The first exposure on a spacecraft of a nuclear emulsion apparatus designed to collect 1000 high quality tracks of heavy nuclei under a negligible thickness of matter (0.07 g/sq cm) is described. The cosmic ray detector consisted of a stack of nuclear emulsions that were designed to register at least 400 heavy nuclei tracks for each 10 hours of useful exposure. The spacecraft had to be oriented in a heads-up attitude during the 10-hour period to eliminate atmospheric albedo particles. The results are as follows: (1) a definite odd-even effect, with low abundances for elements of atomic number 7, 9, and 11; (2) a ratio O/C approximately 0.9; (3) Ne/C, Mg/C, and Si/C ratios between 0.2 and 0.3; (4) an abundance gap in the region 15 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 19; and (5) a ratio (20 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 28)/C 0.2, with a large concentration at Z = 26. These results are indicative that successful exposures of nuclear emulsions were obtained on the Gemini 11 mission.

Odell, F. W.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Solar cosmic rays

Solar cosmic ray data, discussing multicharged nuclei relative abundances in photosphere and propagation models

Fichtel, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Techniques for gamma rays.

The detecting systems used in high energy astrophysics are generally more similar to particle detectors than to optical devices. The basic design of the gamma ray instrument depends on whether the energy range is below about 10 MeV and therefore in the region where the Compton effect predominates in the absorption of the gamma-rays, or above that energy where electron-positron pair production is most important. The most usual approach to the detector system in the lower of the two energy intervals is to use a scintillation counter in the center of the detector system to absorb the photons and permit a measure of their energy, and to surround it by another detector which is employed as an active anticoincidence shield to discriminate against charged particles. In the gamma-ray interval above about 10 MeV, the very low flux of gamma rays and the high particle background has directed the development of high energy gamma-ray telescopes towards complicated techniques and large detector arrays. As a result, several investigators have now turned to the spark chamber as the heart of a detector system. Generally, it is surrounded by an anticoincidence system and is triggered by a counter telescope.

Fichtel, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1970

The small astronomy satellite

Small Astronomy Satellite /SAS/ program providing Explorer class Scott launched satellite capability for astronomical observations

Fichtel, C. E.↗