Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Durden, S. L..
Minima offset from nominal crosswind directions. Report describes experimental and theoretical study of azimuthal anisotropy in radar backscatter from surface of ocean. Important objective of this and related studies to enhance ability to sense speed and direction of surface wind remotely by use of airborne or spaceborne radar.
In order to understand L-band multipolarization radar measurements of forested areas, a model for the forest polarization signature was developed. The model is based on backscatter from dielectric cylinders which represent branches and trunks. In the model the Stokes matrices corresponding to several different scattering mechanisms is calculated, combining the results to get the total Stokes matrix. Comparison of model predictions with radar measurements shows that the model can accurately predict the forest polarization signature.
An extensive data set of radar backscatter measurements at 14 GHz was used to evaluate the locations of the azimuthal modulation minima relative to the cross-wind directions. It was found that the minima were significantly offset from the cross-wind directions toward the downwind direction for the horizontal polarization data. These offsets were substantially smaller for the vertical polarization data. Simple scattering model calculations, based on the two-scale scattering approach, also show similar offsets. Implications of these results for the goephysical model function are discussed.
The physical mechanism for the synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging of ocean waves is investigated through the use of analytical models. The models are tested by comparison with data sets from the SEASAT mission and airborne SAR's. Dominant ocean wavelengths from SAR estimates are biased towards longer wavelengths. The quasispecular scattering mechanism agrees with experimental data. The Doppler shift for ship wakes is that of the mean sea surface.