Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Daniels, A..
Magnetic bearings and noncontacting seals let cooler operate unattended at 65 K for more than 3 years. New cooler uses magnetic bearings, small piston/cylinder clearance seals, and linear motors. Cooler consists of compression and expansion sections connected end-to-end. Compression section houses reciprocating hollow piston driven by linear motor.
The parametric testing of a novel Stirling cycle cryogenic refrigerator which incorporates electromagnetic bearings, clearance seals and electronically controlled linear motion was studied. The last feature, which involves the use of two linear motors, position transducers and a highly accurate electronic feedback network, produces the system capability which forms the basis for the tests. The test results provide designers with an understanding of the basic operation of the Stirling cycle and give potential users some indication of the capabilities of this refrigerator under off design conditions.
In 1979, a project leading to the development of a Stirling type cryogenic refrigerator for spaceborne application was initiated. The refrigerator is to generate five watts of net cooling at a temperature of 65 K. An operation without maintenance for a period of five years is required. A novel approach was selected for meeting the life requirement, taking into account an electromagnetic suspension of the moving parts. The fabrication of the hardware has now been completed and the performance of the refrigerator has been measured. The present paper provides a short review of the Stirling cycle, a description of the refrigerator design, and a summary of the test results. The new refrigerator configuration contains four major features, including a purely rectilinear drive, magnetic bearings, clearance seals, and all metal/ceramic working space surfaces. The displacer and the piston are supported and guided by magnetic bearings. The magnetic bearing consists of a set of electromagnetic actuators and radial position transducers.
A long lifetime Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler particularly adapted for space applications is described. It consists of a compressor section centrally aligned end to end with an expansion section, and respectively includes a reciprocating compressor piston and displacer radially suspended in interconnecting cylindrical housings by active magnetic bearings and has adjacent reduced clearance regions so as to be in noncontacting relationship therewith and wherein one or more of these regions operate as clearance seals. The piston and displacer are reciprocated in their housings by linear drive motors to vary the volume of respectively adjacent compression and expansion spaces which contain a gaseous working fluid and a thermal regenerator to effect Stirling cycle cryogenic cooling.
At the 1979 Cryogenic Engineering Conference, attention was given to conceptual designs of spaceborne cryogenic refrigeration systems which can provide long-term, unattended operation. Since that time, efforts have continued to translate one of those concepts into an engineering model. The present investigation is concerned with a refrigerator which was designed to generate 5 W of cooling power at a temperature of 65 K. The compression heat of the refrigerator is dissipated at a temperature of 300 K, and the output of the system is to be maintained reliably for a period of five years or longer. The refrigerator design is based on the Stirling cycle, which has an ideal efficiency equal to that of the Carnot cycle. Attention is given to some background information concerning a cryogenic refrigerator, the design of the refrigerator components, and the development status. The magnetic bearings and the linear motors have been tested at the component level.
The mathematical relations regarding the intensity of scattered light are derived. The nature of density inhomogeneities in air is discussed together with scattering due to moving isothermal pressure fluctuations, the spectral distribution of scattering from static isobaric density fluctuations, and applications of Mandel'shtam-Brillouin (M-B) scattering to atmospheric sensing. It is concluded that M-B scattering of laser light from the atmosphere has an outstanding potential for remote atmospheric sensing.
A detailed complete step by step procedure for the alignment and successful operation of the 10.6 m CO2 laser system used for the study of Mandelshtam-Brillouin scattering is outlined.
Characteristics of carbon dioxide laser radiation scattering in atmosphere and application as remote sensing probe
Glutethimide and aminoglutethimide reversible inhibitory effect on rat pituitary adrenal system in response to stress