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Colburn, D. S.

Publications and source records attributed to Colburn, D. S..

At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

The planetary magnetic field and magnetosphere of Jupiter - Pioneer 10

Data obtained by the Pioneer 10 vector helium magnetometer are presented along with models of the intrinsic magnetic field of Jupiter and its magnetosphere. Data acquired between 2.84 and 6.0 Jupiter radii, where the intensity of the planetary field ranged between 1900 and 18,400 gamma, were used to develop a six-parameter eccentric dipole model of the field. The dipole so derived has a moment of 4.0 G (R sub J) cubed and a tilt angle with respect to Jupiter's rotation axis of 11 deg. A model of the Jovian magnetosphere is presented in which the essential feature is an eastward current sheet that forms an annulus with Jupiter at the center. At large distances from the planet the current sheet is nearly parallel to Jupiter's equator but, in general, does not lie in it. The current sheet is warped, so that it is above the equator on one side and below it on the other. The current sheet rotates with the planet, more or less like a rigid body, this behavior causes an apparent up and down motion and periodic crossings of the current sheet by Pioneer.

Smith, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Lunar dayside plasma sheet depletion - Inference from magnetic observations

The existence of a day-side lunar cavity in the plasma sheet, showing some depletion of plasma, has been inferred from cavity-associated magnetic characteristics observed by orbital and surface lunar magnetometers. These characteristics include a day-side enhancement in the mean magnetic field and day-side levels of amplification of eddy current induced magnetic field fluctuations typical of cavity confinement.

Schubert, G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Magnetotail variations associated with the southward interplanetary magnetic field

Ten weeks of simultaneous fine time resolution data on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the solar wind parameters observed by the Explorer 33 and Vela 3 satellites, the magnetic field, and the particle fluxes in the magnetotail from the Imp 3 satellite are examined together with auroral zone magnetograms monitoring substorm activity to study the magnetotail variations associated with the latitudinal changes of the IMF. It is found that the magnetotail magnetic field magnitude often increases when the north-south component of the IMF is southward; this increment is generally observed throughout the entire high-latitude tail (outside the plasma sheet). The increment is about 10% of the background field, and it increases to 20% or higher when the north-south component of the IMF increases from the usual 2 or 3 gamma to 7 or 8 gamma.

Meng, C.-I.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Polarized magnetic field fluctuations at the Apollo 15 site - Possible regional influence on lunar induction

High-frequency (5 to 40 millihertz) induced lunar magnetic fields, observed at the Apollo 15 site near the southeastern boundary of Mare Imbrium and the southwestern boundary of Mare Serenitatis, show a strong tendency toward linear polarization in a direction radial to the Imbrium basin and circumferential to the Serenitatis basin, a property that could be indicative of a possible regional influence on the induction.

Schubert, G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Magnetic field of Jupiter and its interaction with the solar wind

Jupiter's magnetic field and its interaction with the magnetized solar wind were observed with the Pioneer 10 vector helium magnetometer. The magnetic dipole is directed opposite to that of the earth with an inclination of 15 deg lying in a system III meridian of 230 deg. The dipole is offset about 0.1 Jupiter radius north of the equatorial plane and about 0.2 Jupiter radius toward longitude 170 deg. There is severe stretching of the planetary field parallel to the equator throughout the outer magnetosphere, accompanied by a systematic departure from meridian planes. The field configuration implies substantial plasma effects inside the magnetosphere, such as thermal pressure, centrifugal forces, and differential rotation.

Smith, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Mie scattering of the interplanetary magnetic field by the whole moon

Based on the results of the Apollo magnetometer experiments, it is shown that the wavelength spectrum of the fluctuations of the interplanetary magnetic field includes scales consistent with the radius of the moon. Quadrupole and possibly octupole magnetic multipoles are found in the data and indicate that the moon is excited in several modes.

Sonett, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Pioneer Solar Plasma and Magnetic Field Measurements in Interplanetary Space During August 2-17, 1972

Solar wind plasma and magnetic field measurements from Pioneers 9 and 10 during August 2-17, 1972, reveal complex and large-amplitude variations on a one-hour time scale and numerous discontinuities. During this time period an approximate radial alignment of the two spacecraft as seen from the Sun occurred with heliocentric distances of 0.8 AU for Pioneer 9 and 2.2 AU for Pioneer 10, both at 45 deg east of the Earth's solar longitude. The peak hourly average solar wind proton bulk velocity measured at Pioneer 9 was 990 km sec (exp -1) during hour 0 UT of August 5. The peak hourly average proton number density was 62 cm (exp -3) during hour 11 UT of August 3. The peak solar wind speeds are generally much reduced at Pioneer 10 compared with those observes at Pioneer 9. The peak 30 minute average magnetic field magnitude was 85 gamma during 1245 - 1315 UT of August 3. The Pioneer 9 data indicate passage of four fast forward interplanetary shocks, and one slow forward interplanetary shock.

Mihalov, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Polarized electromagnetic response of the moon

The strong anisotropy in Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Magnetometer (LSM) signals resulting from electromagnetic induction in the moon, forced by fluctuations of the interplanetary magnetic field, is shown to result from intense polarization of the induced field. Arguments are given to show that the anisotropy cannot be explained wholly by asymmetric lunar induction in the presence of the diamagnetic cavity, but must be related to a regional influence. The weaker Apollo 12 anisotropy may also be associated with a regional influence. The site of Apollo 15 LSM at the edge of the Imbrium Basin suggests a preliminary model for calculations based on the possibility that Imbrium and perhaps Serenitatis are sources of the regional effect. Lastly, since the very low frequency induction seems free of the anisotropy, our earlier estimate of deep conductivity remains unchanged.

Sonett, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Induced magnetosphere of the moon. II - Experimental results from Apollo 12 and Explorer 35.

The asymmetric lunar electromagnetic induction theory of Schubert et al. (1973) is tested by using data from the Apollo 12 Lunar Surface Magnetometer and from the Ames magnetometer on Explorer 35. The comparison of data and theory shows that the moon displays an induction asymmetry due to the flow of the solar wind and the formation of the diamagnetic cavity on the darkside. It is inferred that the induced field forms a magnetospheric-like configuration, with the field confined mostly to the crust of the moon. Although the magnetospheric spectrum is time-dependent for all frequencies examined, the distance traveled by the solar wind is so large that a quasi-static magnetospheric configuration can be assumed. The differential power spectrum of the interplanetary magnetic field that excites the moon is compared with the resulting induction spectrum, which has a linear differential power frequency dependence over the frequency range from .0002 to .02 Hz, falling off on either side of these limits. The integrated power in this band is about 5 gamma squared for the interplanetary field local north-south component and about 12 gamma squared for the induced spectrum of this component on the lunar surface.

Smith, B. F.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Effects on the geomagnetic tail at 60 earth radii of the geomagnetic storm of April 9, 1971.

A geomagnetic storm beginning with an sc occurred on Apr. 9, 1971. During the storm the charged particle lunar environment experiment at the Apollo 14 site, the solar wind spectrometer experiment at the Apollo 12 site, and the Ames magnetometers on Explorer 35 took data in the magnetosheath, at the magnetopause, in the plasma sheet, and in the high-latitude geomagnetic tail. The MIT Faraday cup and Ames magnetometers on board Explorer 33 monitored the solar wind. The data show that the storm was caused by a corotating tangential discontinuity in the solar wind, the magnetopause position is strongly dependent on the attack angle of the solar wind, and the tail field strength was indirectly measured to increase from 10 to 14 gamma after the sc. During the main phase the field strength in the tail was observed to increase to between 28 and 34 gamma. This increase is consistent with a thermal and magnetic compression of the tail radius from about 26 to about 16 earth radii.

Burke, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Night side electromagnetic response of the moon.

The inductive response of the moon to interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations has been measured by the Apollo 12 lunar surface magnetometer. The dependence of the night side lunar response on frequency in the band from about 0.001 to 0.01 Hz is reported. It is shown that the night side response of the moon is not that of a sphere in vacuum. Instead, hydromagnetic radiation scattered from the moon is strongly confined to the interior of the cavity formed downstream from the moon in the solar wind.

Schubert, G.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Geomagnetic activity at sector boundaries.

The relation between the rise in geomagnetic activity at sector boundaries and the south-pointing component of the interplanetary field is investigated. It is shown that, in 1968, an increase in the average southward component occurred when the sector boundary was crossed. This increase can account for the initial increase in magnetic activity. However, the southward component rapidly fell to its preboundary levels, while geomagnetic activity remained elevated for at least a day. This observation suggests that either the magnetosphere took of the order of a day to relax or energy continued to be fed into the magnetosphere at an enhanced rate during the postboundary period. A possible cause of the increase in southward fields at sector boundaries is discussed.

Hirshberg, J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Satellite studies of magnetospheric substorms on August 15, 1968. II - Solar wind and outer magnetosphere.

Investigation of the changes in the solar wind and the outer magnetosphere associated with two substorms that occurred on August 15, 1968. The results of the study suggest that trapped particles in the magnetosphere may be redistributed by perturbations well before an auroral expansion. This gives support to the assumed existence of a magnetospheric substorm growth phase.

Mcpherron, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Mie scattering of the interplanetary magnetic field by the whole moon

It is known from the Apollo magnetometer experiments that significant electromagnetic induction takes place in the lunar interior. This induction is excited by fluctuations of the interplanetary magnetic field and is detected by the induced fields on the surface of the moon. These results are reviewed briefly and the formal properties of the theory are discussed. It is shown that the mathematical treatment parallels that for classical electromagnetic scattering. Further the wavelength spectrum of the fluctuations of the interplanetary magnetic field include scales consistent with the radius of the moon. The consequence is that the moon is excited in several modes. Quadrupole and possibly octupole magnetic multipoles are found in the data. The electric type radiation corresponding to transverse magnetic excitation appears suppressed and far below the detection threshold of the magnetometers.

Sonett, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Lunar electromagnetic scattering. II - Magnetic fields and transfer functions for parallel propagation

Magnetic field and transfer function amplitudes, resulting from a transverse electromagnetic wave in the interplanetary medium scattering from the moon and its diamagnetic cavity, are presented. Calculations are made using an asymmetric scattering theory for a spherical two-layer model of the lunar electrical conductivity profile and a nonconducting cylindrical model of the downstream lunar plasma void. Both the field and transfer function magnitudes are calculated as functions of position on the surface of the moon for frequencies relevant to the observations of the lunar surface and orbiting magnetometers. The amplitudes of the magnetic field components on the cavity boundary are also computed as functions of frequency and distance downstream from the lunar limb. Comparisons of the results are made with those of (1) spherically symmetric descriptions of lunar electromagnetic scattering, (2) the quasi-static approximation to asymmetric scattering theory, and (3) observations of the scattering phenomenon by lunar surface and orbiting magnetometers.

Schubert, G.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Nightside electromagnetic response of the moon

The electromagnetic response of the Moon to excitation by the time dependent fluctuations of the interplanetary magnetic field is given for the dark or antisolar hemisphere of the Moon. Six hours of time series data from the Explorer 35 magnetometer and the lunar surface magnetometer on Apollo 12 are used to obtain the Fourier spectral amplitudes of the surface and interplanetary fields from which transfer functions are calculated for the east-west, north-south, and vertical directions at the Apollo site. A critical discussion of lunar conductivity profiles derived from night side radial magnetic field data and vacuum scattering theory is presented. Limitations are shown that there is no evidence for a lunar core as conducting as 0.01 mhos/m.

Schubert, G.↗
NASA NTRS1972

An analysis of Pioneer 9 low-frequency wave observations near interplanetary discontinuities.

Observation of an unusually complex sector boundary on Feb. 2, 1969. Within a single seven-hour period the Pioneer 9 magnetometer and plasma probe detected a reverse shock, a slow shock, and a conventional fast shock. During this interval the electron gyrofrequency and the ion plasma frequency each varied by more than a factor of 10, and the low-frequency (broadband and 400-Hz) electric field wave levels were high and variable. It is shown that, near the discontinuities, enhanced 400-Hz wave levels were not generally associated with field gradients or current layers, but elevated 400-Hz wave levels were detected when the ion density fell within a fairly well-defined window. This suggests that modes related to ion sound waves were detected, and the observations are assessed in terms of various theories for interplanetary wave generation.

Scarf, F. L.↗