Engineering topics
Cho, Y. C.
Publications and source records attributed to Cho, Y. C..
Fiber Optic Microphone
Research into advanced pressure sensors using fiber-optic technology is aimed at developing compact size microphones. Fiber optic sensors are inherently immune to electromagnetic noise, and are very sensitive, light weight, and highly flexible. In FY 98, NASA researchers successfully designed and assembled a prototype fiber-optic microphone. The sensing technique employed was fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometry. The sensing head is composed of an optical fiber terminated in a miniature ferrule with a thin, silicon-microfabricated diaphragm mounted on it. The optical fiber is a single mode fiber with a core diameter of 8 micron, with the cleaved end positioned 50 micron from the diaphragm surface. The diaphragm is made up of a 0.2 micron thick silicon nitride membrane whose inner surface is metallized with layers of 30 nm titanium, 30 nm platinum, and 0.2 micron gold for efficient reflection. The active sensing area is approximately 1.5 mm in diameter. The measured differential pressure tolerance of this diaphragm is more than 1 bar, yielding a dynamic range of more than 100 dB.
Exact Solutions for Sound Radiation from a Circular Duct
This paper presents a method of evaluation of Wiener-Hopf technique solutions for sound radiation from an unflanged circular duct with infinitely thin duct wall, including mean flows.
Exact Solutions for Sound Radiation from a Circular Duct
This paper presents a method of evaluation of Wiener-Hopf technique solutions for sound radiation from an unflanged circular duct with infinitely thin duct wall, including mean flows.
Test Of Digital Image Velocimetry
Report describes experiment to test digital image velocimetry developed to measure velocities of flows seeded with light-reflecting particles.
Fiber optic interferometric sensors for aerospace applications
This paper addresses two fiber optic sensor development programs in the Photonics Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, one in progress and the other being initiated. The ongoing program involves development of advanced acoustic sensors for wind tunnel applications. The new undertaking involves development of a novel sensor technique for studies of aerodynamic transition from laminar to turbulent flow.
Fiber-optic interferometric sensors for measurements of pressure fluctuations: Experimental evaluation
This paper addresses an anechoic chamber evaluation of a fiber-optic interferometric sensor (fiber-optic microphone), which is being developed at NASA Ames Research Center for measurements of pressure fluctuations in wind tunnels.
Corrections to fringe distortion due to flow density gradients in optical interferometry
An analytical method is formulated to account for distortions of optical interferograms used for studies of flow over airfoils experiencing dynamic stall. It is shown that such distortions are generated primarily due to optical path deflections in the test flow, caused by large density gradients. Such in-flow optical path deflections are neglected in conventional optical techniques for flow studies. The present method employs a ray analysis to determine these in-flow optical path deflections, and accurately predicts the interferogram distortions.
Fiber-optic interferometric sensors for measurements of pressure fluctuations - Experimental evaluation
A fiber optic interferometric sensor that is being developed at NASA Ames Research Center for pressure fluctuation measurements in wind tunnels is considered. Preliminary evaluation indicates that the fiber optic interferometric sensor can be successfully used as an aeroacoustic sensor and is capable of providing a powerful instrument to solve complex acoustic measurement problems in wind tunnels.
Fiber-optic interferometric acoustic sensors for wind tunnel applications
Progress in developing fiber-optic interferometric sensors for aeroacoustic measurements in wind tunnels, performed under the NASA program, is reported. Preliminary results show that the fiber-optic interferometer sensor array is a powerful instrument for solving complex acoustic measurement problems in wind tunnels, which cannot be resolved with the conventional transducer technique.
Processing Particle-Streak Imagery On A Personal Computer
Report describes simple flow experiment in which streak images of particles suspended in fluid and illuminated for short times processed into maps of velocity vectors. In experiment, semiautomatic data-reduction scheme used which recovers significant image data more efficiently than currently available automatic scheme.
New Sensors For Flow Velocity And Acoustics
Paper describes two sensor-development programs at Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at NASA Ames Research Center. One program for digital image velocimetry (DIV) sensors, and other program, for advanced acoustic sensors for wind tunnels. DIV measures, in real time, instantaneous velocity fields of time-varying flow or of collection of objects moving with varying velocities. Advanced acoustic sensors for wind tunnels being developed to reduce effects of interference from wind noise, noise from interactions between flows and sensors, flow-induced vibrations of sensors, deflections of accoustic waves by boundary layers induced by sensors, and reflections from walls and sensor supports.
Digital Image Velocimetry
Proposed technique for production of velocity maps from sequences of photographic video images of flows seeded with small particles. In digital image velocimetry, image analyzed by digital Fourier tranformation. Process free of noise, more precise, and consumes less time. Eliminates need to process photographs, indicates directions of velocity vectors unambiguously, and offers increased dynamic ranges. Because all processing performed electronically, eventually capable of mapping flow-velocity fields in real time.
Mode propagation in nonuniform circular ducts with potential flow
Previously cited in issue 07, p. 969, Accession no. A82-20290
Sound diffraction at wall impedance discontinuities in a circular cylinder, investigated using Wiener-Hopf technique
Rigorous solutions are presented for sound diffraction in a circular cylinder with axial discontinuities of the wall admittance (or impedance). Analytical expressions are derived for the reflection and the transmission coefficients for duct modes. The results are discussed quantitatively in the limits of small admittance shifts (delta) and of low frequencies (ka). One of the results is the low frequency behavior of the reflection coefficient R(o) sub 00 of the fundamental mode. For the mode of a hardwall duct reflected from the junction with a softwall duct, (R(o) sub oo yields - (1-square root of (ka) square root of (2/i delta)); this result is in contrast to the frequency dependence of the reflection from the open end of a hardwall duct, for which R(o) sub oo yields - 1-(ka) squared/2 .
Mode Propagation in Nonuniform Circular Ducts with Potential Flow
A previously reported closed form solution is expanded to determine effects of isentropic mean flow on mode propagation in a slowly converging-diverging duct, a circular cosh duct. On the assumption of uniform steady fluid density, the mean flow increases the power transmission coefficient. The increase is directly related to the increase of the cutoff ratio at the duct throat. With the negligible transverse gradients of the steady fluid variables, the conversion from one mode to another is negligible, and the power transmission coefficient remains unchanged with the mean flow direction reversed. With a proper choice of frequency parameter, many different modes can be made subject to a single value of the power transmission loss. A systematic method to include the effects of the gradients of the steady fluid variables is also described.
Mode propagation in nonuniform circular ducts with potential flow
A previously reported closed form solution is expanded to determine effects of isentropic mean flow on mode propagation in a slowly converging-diverging duct - a circular cosh duct. On the assumption of uniform steady fluid density, the mean flow increases the power transmission coefficient. The increase is directly related to the increase of the cutoff ratio at the duct throat. With the negligible transverse gradients of the steady fluid variables, the conversion from one mode to another is negligible, and the power transmission coefficient remains unchanged with the mean flow direction reversed. With a proper choice of frequency parameter, many different modes can be made subject to a single value of the power transmission loss. The paper also describes a systematic method to include the effects of the gradients of the steady fluid variables.
High-frequency sound propagation in a spatially varying mean flow
An equation for acoustic ray paths in a spatially varying mean flow has been examined to determine some of the characteristics of the flow gradient effects on sound propagation. In a potential flow the acoustic rays are deflected in the direction of increasing mean flow, and the gradient of the mean flow speed is the dominant factor causing the ray deflection. In contrast, in a sheared mean flow, the vorticity is the dominant factor in deflection of the acoustic rays.