Glycine-nitrate synthesis of Sr doped La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore powder
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Glycine–nitrate synthesis↗
Engineering topics
Chen, Y
Publications and source records attributed to Chen, Y.
AC Loss Reduction in Filamentized YBCO Coated Conductors with Virtual Transverse Cross-cuts
While the performance of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} (YBCO)-based coated conductors under dc currents has improved significantly in recent years, filamentization is being investigated as a technique to reduce ac loss so that the 2nd generation (2G) high temperature superconducting (HTS) wires can also be utilized in various ac power applications such as cables, transformers and fault current limiters. Experimental studies have shown that simply filamentizing the superconducting layer is not effective enough to reduce ac loss because of incomplete flux penetration in between the filaments as the length of the tape increases. To introduce flux penetration in between the filaments more uniformly and further reduce the ac loss, virtual transverse cross-cuts were made in superconducting filaments of the coated conductors fabricated using the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. The virtual transverse cross-cuts were formed by making cross-cuts (17 - 120 {micro}m wide) on the IBAD (ion beam assisted deposition)-MgO templates using laser scribing followed by depositing the superconducting layer ({approx} 0.6 {micro}m thick). AC losses were measured and compared for filamentized conductors with and without the cross-cuts under applied peak ac fields up to 100 mT. The results were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of filament decoupling and the feasibility of using this method to achieve ac loss reduction.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Evidence for {psi}' Decays into {gamma}{pi}{sup 0} and {gamma}{eta}
The decays {psi}{sup '}{yields}{gamma}{pi}{sup 0}, {gamma}{eta} and {gamma}{eta}{sup '} are studied using data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII e{sup +}e{sup -} collider. The processes {psi}{sup '}{yields}{gamma}{pi}{sup 0} and {psi}{sup '}{yields}{gamma}{eta} are observed for the first time with signal significances of 4.6{sigma} and 4.3{sigma}, respectively. The branching fractions are determined to be B({psi}{sup '}{yields}{gamma}{pi}{sup 0})=(1.58{+-}0.40{+-}0.13)x10{sup -6}, B({psi}{sup '}{yields}{gamma}{eta})=(1.38{+-}0.48{+-}0.09)x10{sup -6}, and B({psi}{sup '}{yields}{gamma}{eta}{sup '})=(126{+-}3{+-}8)x10{sup -6}, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones systematic.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Overlap valence on 2+1 flavor domain wall fermion configurations with deflation and low-mode substitution
The overlap fermion propagator is calculated on 2+1 flavor domain-wall fermion gauge configurations on 16{sup 3}x32, 24{sup 3}x64 and 32{sup 3}x64 lattices. With hyper-cubic (HYP) smearing and low eigenmode deflation, it is shown that the inversion of the overlap operator can be expedited by {approx}20 times for the 16{sup 3}x32 lattice and {approx}80 times for the 32{sup 3}x64 lattice. The overhead cost for calculating eigenmodes ranges from 4.5 to 7.9 propagators for the above lattices. Through the study of hyperfine splitting, we found that the O(m{sup 2}a{sup 2}) error is small and these dynamical fermion lattices can adequately accommodate quark mass up to the charm quark. A preliminary calculation of the low-energy constant {Delta}{sub mix} which characterizes the discretization error of the pion made up of a pair of sea and valence quarks in this mixed-action approach is carried out via the scalar correlator with periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions. It is found to be small which shifts a 300 MeV pion mass by {approx}10 to 19 MeV on these sets of lattices. We have studied the signal-to-noise issue of the noise source for the meson and baryon. We introduce a new algorithm with Z{sub 3} grid source and low eigenmode substitution to study the many-to-all meson and baryon correlators. It is found to be efficient in reducing errors for the correlators of both mesons and baryons. With 64-point Z{sub 3} grid source and low-mode substitution, it can reduce the statistical errors of the light quark (m{sub {pi}{approx}2}00-300 MeV) meson and nucleon correlators by a factor of {approx}3-4 as compared to the point source. The Z{sub 3} grid source itself can reduce the errors of the charmonium correlators by a factor of {approx}3.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
BEAM TRANSPORT IN A PROTON DIELECTRIC WALL ACCELERATOR
Abstract not provided
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Glueballs at finite temperature in quenched lattice QCD
Using anisotropic lattices, glueballs at finite temperature are investigated in a large temperature range from 03T{sub c} to 1.9T{sub c} in quenched lattice QCD, where T{sub c} is the critical temperature. Optimized glueball operators are used in the calculations. It is found that in all 20 symmetry channels, the pole masses M{sub G} of glueballs remain almost constants when the temperature approaches T{sub c} from below, and start to reduce gradually with the temperature going above T{sub c}. The glueball correlators in 0{sup ++}, 0{sup -+}, and 2{sup ++} channels are also analyzed based on the Breit-Wigner ansatz by assuming a thermal width {Gamma} to the pole mass {omega}{sub 0}. We found that while {omega}{sub 0}'s are insensitive to T in the whole temperature range, the {Gamma}'s exhibit distinct behavior below and above T{sub c}. They are only a few percent of {omega}{sub 0} when T<T{sub c}, but grow rapidly when T>T{sub c} and reach values of roughly {Gamma}{approx}{omega}{sub 0}/2 at T{approx_equal}1.9T{sub c}.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Dynamic simulation of a solar-driven carbon dioxide transcritical power system for small scale combined heat and power production
Carbon dioxide is an environmental benign natural working fluid and has been proposed as a working media for a solar-driven power system. In the current work, the dynamic performance of a small scale solar-driven carbon dioxide power system is analyzed by dynamic simulation tool TRNSYS 16 and Engineering Equation Solver (EES) using co-solving technique. Both daily performance and yearly performance of the proposed system have been simulated. Different system operating parameters, which will influence the system performance, have been discussed. Under the Swedish climatic condition, the maximum daily power production is about 12 kW h and the maximum monthly power production is about 215 kW h with the proposed system working conditions. Besides the power being produced, the system can also produce about 10 times much thermal energy, which can be used for space heating, domestic hot water supply or driving absorption chillers. The simulation results show that the proposed system is a promising and environmental benign alternative for conventional low-grade heat source utilization system. (author)
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Evolution of carbide precipitates in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel during long-term service in a power plant.
Carbide precipitation from the steel matrix during long-term high-temperature exposure can adversely affect the fracture toughness and high-temperature creep resistance of materials with implications on the performance of power plant components. In the present work, carbide evolution in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel after long-term aging during service was investigated. Boiler pipe samples of this steel were removed from a supercritical water-cooled coal-fired power plant after service times of 17 and 28 years and a mean operational temperature of 810 K (537C). The carbide precipitation and coarsening effects were studied using the carbon extraction replica technique followed by analysis using transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The carbides extracted using an electrolytic technique were also analyzed using X-ray diffraction to evaluate phase transformations of the carbides during long-term service. Small ball punch and Vickers hardness were used to evaluate the changes in mechanical performance after long-term aging during service.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
GAMMA-RAY FLARES FROM Mrk421 IN 2008 OBSERVED WITH THE ARGO-YBJ DETECTOR
In 2008, the blazar Markarian 421 entered a very active phase and was one of the brightest sources in the sky at TeV energies, showing frequent flaring episodes. Using the data of ARGO-YBJ, a full coverage air shower detector located at Yangbajing (4300 m a.s.l., Tibet), we monitored the source at gamma-ray energies E>0.3 TeV during the whole year. The observed flux was variable, with the strongest flares in March and June, in correlation with X-ray enhanced activity. While during specific episodes the TeV flux could be several times larger than the Crab Nebula one, the average emission from day 41 to 180 was almost twice the Crab level, with an integral flux of (3.6 {+-} 0.6) x 10{sup -11} photons cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} for energies E>1 TeV, and decreased afterward. This Letter concentrates on the flares that occurred in the first half of June. This period has been deeply studied from optical to 100 MeV gamma rays, and partially up to TeV energies, since the moonlight hampered the Cherenkov telescope observations during the most intense part of the emission. Our data complete these observations, with the detection of a signal with a statistical significance of 3.8 standard deviations on June 11-13, corresponding to a gamma-ray flux about 6 times larger than the Crab one above 1 TeV. The reconstructed differential spectrum, corrected for the intergalactic absorption, can be represented by a power law with an index {alpha} = -2.1{sup +0.7} {sub -0.5} extending up to several TeV. The spectrum slope is fully consistent with previous observations reporting a correlation between the flux and the spectral index, suggesting that this property is maintained in different epochs and characterizes the source emission processes.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Anomalous Fermi-Surface Dependent Pairing in a Self-Doped High-Tc Superconductor
We report the discovery of a self-doped multi-layer high T{sub c} superconductor Ba{sub 2}Ca{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}O{sub 8}F{sub 2} (F0234) which contains distinctly different superconducting gap magnitudes along its two Fermi surface(FS) sheets. While formal valence counting would imply this material to be an undoped insulator, it is a self-doped superconductor with a T{sub c} of 60K, possessing simultaneously both electron- and hole-doped FS sheets. Intriguingly, the FS sheet characterized by the much larger gap is the electron-doped one, which has a shape disfavoring two electronic features considered to be important for the pairing mechanism: the van Hove singularity and the antiferromagnetic ({pi}/a, {pi}/a) scattering.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
STREAMER WAVES DRIVEN BY CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS
Between 2004 July 5 and July 7, two intriguing fast coronal mass ejection (CME)-streamer interaction events were recorded by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph. At the beginning of the events, the streamer was pushed aside from its equilibrium position upon the impact of the rapidly outgoing and expanding ejecta; then, the streamer structure, mainly the bright streamer belt, exhibited elegant large-scale sinusoidal wavelike motions. The motions were apparently driven by the restoring magnetic forces resulting from the CME impingement, suggestive of magnetohydrodynamic kink mode propagating outward along the plasma sheet of the streamer. The mode is supported collectively by the streamer-plasma sheet structure and is therefore named 'streamer wave' in the present study. With the white light coronagraph data, we show that the streamer wave has a period of about 1 hr, a wavelength varying from 2 to 4 solar radii, an amplitude of about a few tens of solar radii, and a propagating phase speed in the range 300-500 km s{sup -1}. We also find that there is a tendency for the phase speed to decline with increasing heliocentric distance. These observations provide good examples of large-scale wave phenomena carried by coronal structures and have significance in developing seismological techniques for diagnosing plasma and magnetic parameters in the outer corona.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Sulfur poisoning mechanism of steam reforming catalysts : an X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopic study.
The present XANES study aims at elucidating the roles of carbon deposits and metal sulfides in the catalyst deactivation in steam reforming reactions with the presence of sulfur. CeO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-supported Ni and Rh-based catalysts were tested in steam reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuel containing 350 ppm sulfur for H{sub 2} production at 800 C. The Rh catalyst demonstrated much better sulfur tolerance than the Ni catalyst. XANES revealed that there are various sulfur species (metal sulfide, sulfonate, sulfate and organic sulfide) on the used Ni and Rh catalysts. Metal sulfide and organic sulfide are the dominant sulfur species on the Ni catalyst whereas sulfonate and sulfate predominate on the Rh catalyst. Meanwhile organic sulfide and sulfate are also observed on the support alone. Furthermore, there are more carbon deposits formed in the presence of sulfur on both catalysts. More carboxyl groups occur on the carbon deposits formed on the same catalyst when there is no sulfur in the fuel. From correlation analysis of the amounts of nickel sulfide and carbon deposits along with the relative catalytic activity loss, we conclude that sulfur causes the initial deactivation of the Ni catalyst by metal sulfide formation in the first few hours while build-up of carbon deposits contributes mainly to the subsequent deactivation.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
SECONDARY ELECTRON TRAJECTORIES IN HIGH-GRADIENT VACUUM INSULATORS WITH FAST HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSES
Vacuum insulators composed of alternating layers of metal and dielectric, known as high-gradient insulators (HGIs), have been shown to withstand higher electric fields than conventional insulators. Primary or secondary electrons (emitted from the insulator surface) can be deflected by magnetic fields from external sources, the high-current electron beam, the conduction current in the transmission line, or the displacement current in the insulator. These electrons are deflected either toward or away from the insulator surface and this affects the performance of the vacuum insulator. This paper shows the effects of displacement current from short voltage pulses on the performance of high gradient insulators. Generally, vacuum insulator failure is due to surface flashover, initiated by electrons emitted from a triple junction. These electrons strike the insulator surface thus producing secondary electrons, and can lead to a subsequent electron cascade along the surface. The displacement current in the insulator can deflect electrons either toward or away from the insulator surface, and affects the performance of the vacuum insulator when the insulator is subjected to a fast high-voltage pulse. Vacuum insulators composed of alternating layers of metal and dielectric, known as high-gradient insulators (HGIs), have been shown to withstand higher electric fields than conventional insulators. HGIs, being tolerant of the direct view of high-current electron and ion beams, and having desirable RF properties for accelerators, are a key enabling technology for the dielectric-wall accelerators (DWA) being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Characteristically, insulator surface breakdown thresholds go up as the applied voltage pulse width decreases. To attain the highest accelerating gradient in the DWA, short accelerating voltage pulses are only applied locally, along the HGI accelerator tube, in sync with the charged particle bunch, and the effects of displacement current on trajectories of electrons emitted from HGI surface are particularly interesting. This paper presents simulated electron trajectories experiencing either constant or short-duration applied voltage pulses. Comparisons of these trajectories clearly indicate the importance of the voltage pulse shape, especially the rise time, in the flashover initiation process for HGIs.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗