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Chen, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Chen, A..

25 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1999

Is the spatial distribution of brain lesions associated with closed-head injury predictive of subsequent development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Analysis with brain-image database

PURPOSE: To determine whether there is an association between the spatial distribution of lesions detected at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain in children after closed-head injury and the development of secondary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data obtained from 76 children without prior history of ADHD were analyzed. MR images were obtained 3 months after closed-head injury. After manual delineation of lesions, images were registered to the Talairach coordinate system. For each subject, registered images and secondary ADHD status were integrated into a brain-image database, which contains depiction (visualization) and statistical analysis software. Using this database, we assessed visually the spatial distributions of lesions and performed statistical analysis of image and clinical variables. RESULTS: Of the 76 children, 15 developed secondary ADHD. Depiction of the data suggested that children who developed secondary ADHD had more lesions in the right putamen than children who did not develop secondary ADHD; this impression was confirmed statistically. After Bonferroni correction, we could not demonstrate significant differences between secondary ADHD status and lesion burdens for the right caudate nucleus or the right globus pallidus. CONCLUSION: Closed-head injury-induced lesions in the right putamen in children are associated with subsequent development of secondary ADHD. Depiction software is useful in guiding statistical analysis of image data.

NASA Discipline Neuroscience↗
NASA NTRS1995

A localized excess of diffuse gamma radiation

Using archival Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) gamma-ray data and atomic hydrogen (H I) column densities derived from 21 cm radio observations, we have found a large irregular region in the northern Galactic hemisphere extending from (l approximately 90 deg, b approximately 52 deg) to (l approximately 45 deg, b approximately 77 deg) with a significant enhancement in the gamma-ray emissivity compared to the surrounding sky. The region contains no previously identified gamma-ray point sources. The emission may arise from a localized enhancement in cosmic-ray density or from the presence of matter other than H I. If the emission is due to unseen matter, a column density enhancement equivalent to approximately 2 x 10(exp 20) H-atoms/sq cm is required.

Chen, A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

X-ray focusing using microchannel plates

We present measurements of the X-ray focusing properties of square-pore microchannel plates (MCP's). Square-pore MCP's contain large numbers of closely packed optical surfaces, as required for grazing incidence X-ray optics. The surface of individual MCP channels has been measured and found to have high microroughness transverse to the channel axis and low microroughness parallel to the axis. The high frequency transverse roughness, on length scales greater than 400 nm, has a rms value of 5.9 nm and a Gaussian autocorrelation function with correlation length of 1.41 micron. We find that the geometric misalignments of the surfaces of different channels limit the angular resolution obtainable with current samples of MCP's to 7.1 arcmin.

Kaaret, P.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Dissociative charge transfer of H/+/ ions with H2 and D2 molecules from 78 to 330 K

The dissociative charge transfer of He(+) ions with H2 and D2 molecules has been studied using a temperature-variable drift-tube mass-spectrometer apparatus over the temperature range 78 to 330 K. The binary rate coefficients are small at 300 K, approximately 10 to the -13th to 10 to the -14th cu cm/sec, and only slightly larger at 78 K. Termolecular contributions to the binary rate coefficients are found to be small at 330 K but increase substantially with decreasing temperature. Two-body charge transfer with D2 is found to be slower than with H2 by a factor of 10, in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions, although the measured values of the rate coefficients are larger by a factor of about 4 than the predicted values.

Johnsen, R.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Measurements of the O+ plus N2 and O+ plus O2 reaction rates from 300 to 900 K

Rate coefficients for the O(+) + N2 atom transfer and O(+) + O2 charge transfer reactions are determined at thermal energies between 300 K and 900 K difference in a heated drift tube mass spectrometer apparatus. At 300 K the values K(O(+) + N2) = (1.2 plus or minus 0.1) x 10 to the negative 12 power cubic cm/sec and k(O(+) + O2) = (2.1 plus or minus 0.2) x 10 to the negative 11 power cubic cm/sec were obtained, with a 50% difference decrease in the reaction rates upon heating to 700 K. These results are in good agreement with heated flowing afterglow results, but the O(+) + O2 thermal rate coefficients are systematically lower than equivalent Maxwellian rates inferred by conversion of nonthermal drift tube and flow drift data.

Chen, A.↗