Engineering topics
Chen, A. (ORCID:0000000285449274)
Publications and source records attributed to Chen, A. (ORCID:0000000285449274).
First observation of B → $\bar{D}$ 1 (→ $\bar{D}$ π + π - ) $\ell$ + ν $\ell$ and measurement of the B → $\bar{D}$ (*) π$\ell$ + ν $\ell$ and B → $\bar{D}$ (*) π + π - $\ell$+ ν $\ell$ branching fractions with hadronic tagging at Belle
We report measurements of the ratios of branching fractions for B → $\bar{D}$(*) π$\ell$+ v $\ell$ and B → $\bar{D}$(*)π + π - $\ell$ + v $\ell$ relative to B → $\bar{D}$*$\ell$ + v $\ell$ decays with $\ell$ = e, μ. These results are obtained from a data sample that contains 772 × 10 6 $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected near the $\Upsilon$(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e + e - collider.
First Measurement of the B + → π + π 0 π 0 Branching Fraction and C P Asymmetry
We study B + → π + π 0 π 0 using 711 fb -1 of data collected at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. Here we measure an inclusive branching fraction of (19.0 ±1.5 ±1.4)×10 -6 and an inclusive CP asymmetry of (9.2 ±6.8 ±0.7)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic, and a B + → ρ(770) + π 0 branching fraction of (11.2 ± 1.1 ± 0.9 $^{+0.8}_{-1.6}$)× 10 -6 , where the third uncertainty is due to possible interference with B + → ρ(1450) + π 0 . We present the first observation of a structure around 1 GeV/c 2 in the π 0 π 0 mass spectrum, with a significance of 6.4σ, and measure a branching fraction to be (6.9 ±0.9 ±0.6) × 10 -6 . We also report a measurement of local CP asymmetry in this structure.
Study of e + e - → Σ 0 Σ ¯ 0 and Σ + Σ ¯ - by initial state radiation method at Belle
The processes e + e - →Σ 0 $\overline{Σ}$ 0 and e + e - →Σ + $\overline{Σ}$ - are studied using initial-state-radiation events in a sample of 980 fb -1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. The cross sections from the mass threshold to 3 GeV/c 2 and the effective form factors of Σ 0 and Σ + are measured. In the charmonium region, we observe the decays J/ψ →Σ 0 $\overline{Σ}$ 0 and J/ψ →Σ + $\overline{Σ}$ - and determine the respective branching fractions.
First Observation of Λπ + and Λπ - Signals near the $\bar{K}$N(I=1) Mass Threshold in Λ$^+_c$ → Λπ + π + π - Decay
Using the data sample of 980 fb -1 collected with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider, we present the results of an investigation of the Λπ + and Λπ - invariant mass distributions looking for substructure in the decay Λ$^+_c$ → Λπ + π + π - . We find a significant signal in each mass distribution. When interpreted as resonances, we find for the Λπ + (Λπ - ) combination a mass of 1434.3 ± 0.6(stat) ± 0.9(syst) MeV/c 2 [1438.5 ± 0.9(stat) ± 2.5(syst) MeV/c 2 ], an intrinsic width of 11.5 ± 2.8(stat) ± 5.3(syst) MeV/c 2 [33.0 ± 7.5(stat) ± 23.6(syst) MeV/c 2 ] with a significance of 7.5σ (6.2σ). As these two signals are very close to the $\bar{K}N$ threshold, we also investigate the possibility of a $\bar{K}N$ cusp, and find that we cannot discriminate between these two interpretations due to the limited size of the data sample.
Search for X ( 3872 ) → π + π - π 0 at Belle
We present a search for the decay X(3872) → π + π - π 0 in the (772 ±11) ×10 6 Y(4S)→B$\overline{B}$ data sample collected at the Belle detector, where the X(3872) is produced in B ± → K ± X(3872) and B 0 →K$^{0}_{S}$X(3872) decays. We do not observe a signal, and set 90% credible upper limits for two different models of the decay processes: if the decay products are distributed uniformly in phase space, $\mathscr{B}$(X(3872) → π + π - π 0 )<1.3%, and if M(π + π - ) is concentrated near the mass of the D 0 $\overline{D}$ 0 pair in the process X(3872) → D 0 $\overline{D}$ *0 + c.c. → D 0 $\overline{D}$ 0 π 0 → π + π - π 0 , $\mathscr{B}$(X(3872) → π + π - π 0 )<1.2×10 -3 .
Measurement of the branching fraction and search for CP violation in D 0 → K $^{0}_{S}$ K $^{0}_{S}$ π + π - decays at Belle
We measure the branching fraction for the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D 0 → K $^{0}_{S}$ K $^{0}_{S}$ π + π - and search for CP violation via a measurement of the CP asymmetry A CP as well as the T-odd triple-product asymmetry a$^{T}_{CP}$. We use 922 fb -1 of data recorded by the Belle experiment, which ran at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. The branching fraction is measured relative to the Cabibbo-favored normalization channel D 0 → K $^{0}_{S}$ π + π - ; the result is $\mathscr{B}$( D 0 → K $^{0}_{S}$ K $^{0}_{S}$ π + π - )=[4.79±0.08(stat)±0.10(syst)±0.31(norm)]×10 -4 , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is from uncertainty in the normalization channel. We also measure A CP =[-2.51±1.44(stat)$^{+0.11}_{-0.10}$(syst)]%, and a$^{T}_{CP}$=[-1.95±1.42(stat)$^{+0.14}_{-0.12}$(syst)]%. These results show no evidence of CP violation.
Angular analysis of the low K + K – invariant mass enhancement in B + →K + K – π + decays
We study the decay B + →K + K – π + and investigate the angular distribution of K + K – pairs with invariant mass below 1.1 GeV / c 2 . This region exhibits both a strong enhancement in signal and very large direct CP violation. We construct a coherent sum model for the angular distribution of the S- and P-wave, and report the ratio of their amplitudes, the relative phase and the forward-backward asymmetry. We also report absolute differential branching fractions and direct CP asymmetry for the decay in bins of M K+K– and the differential branching fractions in bins of M K+π– . The results are based on a data sample that contains 772 × 10 6 $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $Υ$(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e – collider. The result favors the presence of S- and D-waves in low M K+K– region to the detriment of a P-wave.
Search for CP violation and measurement of branching fractions and decay asymmetry parameters for Λ$^+_c$ → Λ h + and Λ$^+_c$ → Σ 0 h + ( h = K, π )
Here, we report a study of Λ$^+_c$ → Λ h + and Λ$^+_c$ → Σ 0 h + ( h = K, π ) decays based on a data sample of 980 fb -1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e + e - collider. The first results of direct CP asymmetry in two-body singly Cabibbo-suppressed (SCS) decays of charmed baryons are measured, A$^{dir}_{CP}(Λ^+_{c} → ΛK^{+})$ = +0.021 ± 0.026 ± 0.001 and A$^{dir}_{CP}(Λ^+_{c} → Σ^{0}K^{+})$ = +0.025 ± 0.054 ± 0.004. We also make the most precise measurement of the decay asymmetry parameters (α) for the four modes of interest and search for CP violation via the α-induced CP asymmetry (A$^α_{CP}$ ). We measure A$^α_{CP}$ ($Λ^+_{c} → ΛK^{+}$) = -0.023 ± 0.086 ± 0.071 and A$^α_{CP}$ ($Λ^+_{c} → Σ^{0}K^{+}$) = +0.08 ± 0.35 ± 0.14, which are the first A$^α_{CP}$ results for SCS decays of charmed baryons. We search for Λ -hyperon CP violation in $Λ^+_{c}$ → (Λ, Σ 0 )π + and find A$^α_{CP}$(Λ → pπ - ) = +0.013 ± 0.007 ± 0.011 . This is the first time that hyperon CP violation has been measured via Cabibbo-favored charm decays. No evidence of baryon CP violation is found. We also obtain the most precise branching fractions for two SCS Λ$^+_c$ decays, $\mathscr{B}$($Λ^+_{c} → ΛK^{+}$) = (6.57 ± 0.17 ± 0.11 ± 0.35) x 10 -4 and $\mathscr{B}$($Λ^+_{c} → Σ^{0}K^{+}$) = (3.58 ± 0.19 ±0.06 ±0.19) x 10 -4 . The first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic, while the third uncertainties come from the uncertainties on the world average branching fractions of $Λ^+_{c}$ → (Λ, Σ 0 )π + .
Measurement of the mass and width of the Λ c (2625) + charmed baryon and the branching ratios of Λ c (2625) + → Σ$^{0}_{c}$π + and Λ c (2625) + → Σ$^{++}_{c}$π -
Using the entire data sample of 980 fb -1 collected at or near the Y(4S) resonance with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider, we report the measurement of the mass, width, and the branching ratios of the Λ c (2625) + charmed baryon. The mass difference between Λ c (2625) + and Λ$^{+}_{c}$ is measured to be M(Λ c (2625) + )-M(Λ$^{+}_{c}$)=341.518±0.006±0.049 MeV/c 2 . The upper limit on the width is measured to be Γ(Λ c (2625) + )<0.52 MeV/c 2 at 90% confidence level. Based on a full Dalitz plot fit, branching ratios with respect to the mode Λ c (2625) + →Λ$^{+}_{c}$π + π - are measured to be $\frac{\mathscr{B}(Λ_c(2625)^+ → Σ^{0}_{c}π^+)} {\mathscr{B}(Λ_c(2625)^+ → ^{+}_{c}π^+π^-)}$ = (5.19±0.23±0.40)% and $\frac{\mathscr{B}(Λ_c (2625)^+ → Σ{_c^+}^+ π^-)}{\mathscr{B}(Λ_c (2625)^+ → Λ{_c^+} π^+π^-)}$ = (5.13±0.26±0.32)%, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These measurements can be used to further constrain the parameters of the underlying theoretical models.
Measurement of branching fractions of Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$K$^0_S$ and Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$η at Belle
We present a study of a singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$K$^0_S$ and a Cabibbo-favored decay Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$η based on 980 fb -1 of data collected by the Belle detector, operating at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e + e - collider. We measure their branching fractions relative to Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$: $\mathscr{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$K$^0_S$)/$\mathscr{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$) = (1.48 ± 0.08 ± 0.04) × 10 -2 and $\mathscr{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$η)/$\mathscr{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$) = (2.73 ± 0.06 ± 0.13) × 10 -1 . Combining with the world average $\mathscr{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$), we have the absolute branching fractions, $\mathscr{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$K$^0_S$) = (2.35 ± 0.12 ± 0.07 ± 0.12) × 10 -4 and $\mathscr{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$η) = (4.35 ± 0.10 ± 0.20 ± 0.22) × 10 -3 . The first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively, while the third ones arise from the uncertainty on $\mathscr{B}$(Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$). The mode Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$K$^0_S$ is observed for the first time and has a statistical significance of >10σ. The branching fraction of Λ$^+_c$ → pK$^0_S$η has been measured with a threefold improvement in precision over previous results and is found to be consistent with the world average.
Measurements of branching fractions of Λ$^{+}_{c}$ → Σ + η and Λ$^{+}_{c}$ → Σ + η' and asymmetry parameters of Λ$^{+}_{c}$ → Σ + π 0 , Λ$^{+}_{c}$ → Σ + η, and Λ$^{+}_{c}$ → Σ + η'
We report a study of Λ c + → Σ + π 0 , Λ c + → Σ + η , and Λ c + → Σ + η ' using the data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 980 fb - 1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. The branching fractions relative to Λ c + → Σ + π 0 are measured as B Λ c + → Σ + η / B Λ c + → Σ + π 0 = 0.25 ± 0.03 ± 0.01 and B Λ c + → Σ + η ' / B Λ c + → Σ + π 0 = 0.33 ± 0.06 ± 0.02 . Using B Λ c + → Σ + π 0 = ( 1.25 ± 0.10 ) % , we obtain B Λ c + → Σ + η = ( 3.14 ± 0.35 ± 0.17 ± 0.25 ) × 10 - 3 and B Λ c + → Σ + η ' = ( 4.16 ± 0.75 ± 0.25 ± 0.33 ) × 10 - 3 . Here the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and from B Λ c + → Σ + π 0 , respectively. The ratio of the branching fraction of Λ c + → Σ + η ' with respect to that of Λ c + → Σ + η is measured to be B Λ c + → Σ + η ' / B Λ c + → Σ + η = 1.34 ± 0.28 ± 0.08 . We update the asymmetry parameter of Λ c + → Σ + π 0 , α Σ + π 0 = - 0.48 ± 0.02 ± 0.02 , with a considerably improved precision. The asymmetry parameters of Λ c + → Σ + η and Λ c + → Σ + η ' are measured to be α Σ + η = - 0.99 ± 0.03 ± 0.05 and α Σ + η ' = - 0.46 ± 0.06 ± 0.03 for the first time.
Measurement of the branching fractions for Cabibbo-suppressed decays D + → K + K - π + π 0 and D ( s ) + → K + π - π + π 0 at Belle
We present measurements of the branching fractions for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays and , and the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay , based on of data recorded by the Belle experiment at the KEKB e + e - collider. We measure these modes relative to the Cabibbo-favored modes D + → K - π + π + π 0 and D$^{+}_{s}$ → K + K - π + π 0 . Our results for the ratios of branching fractions are $\mathscr{B}$(D + →K + K - π + π 0 )/$\mathscr{B}$(D + → K - π + π + π 0 ) =(11.32±0.13±0.26)%, $\mathscr{B}$(D + →K + π - π + π 0 )/$\mathscr{B}$(D + →K - π + π + π 0 ) =(1.68±0.11±0.03)%, and $\mathscr{B}$(D$^{+}_{s}$ → K + π - π + π 0 )/$\mathscr{B}$(D$^{+}_{s}$ → K + K - π + π 0 ) =(17.13±0.62±0.51)%, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The second value corresponds to (5.83 ±0.42) ×tan 4 θ C , where θ C is the Cabibbo angle; this value is larger than other measured ratios of branching fractions for a doubly Cabibbo-suppressed charm decay to a Cabibbo-favored decay. Multiplying these results by world average values for $\mathscr{B}$(D + → K - π + π + π 0 ) and $\mathscr{B}$(D$^{+}_{s}$ → K + K - π + π 0 ) yields $\mathscr{B}$( + →K + K - π + π 0 ) = (7.08±0.08±0.16±0.20)×10 -3 , $\mathscr{B}$(D + → K + π - π + π 0 ) =(1.05±0.07±0.02±0.03)×10 -3 , and $\mathscr{B}$(D$^{+}_{s}$ → K + π - π + π 0 ) =(9.44±0.34±0.28±0.32)×10 -3 , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the normalization mode. The first two results are consistent with, but more precise than, the current world averages. The last result is the first measurement of this branching fraction.
Study of e + e - → η Φ via initial state radiation at Belle
Using 980 fb -1 of data collected on and around the (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) resonances with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider, we measure the cross section of e + e - → ηΦ from threshold to 3.95 GeV via initial state radiation. There are clear Φ(1680) and J/ψ signals but no significant Φ(2170) signal in the ηΦ final state. The branching fraction $\mathscr{B}$[J/ψ →ηΦ] is measured to be (7.2 ±0.8 ±0.5) ×10 -4 . The resonant parameters of Φ(1680) are determined to be m Φ(1680) = (1696±8±10) MeV/c 2 (statistical and systematic errors, respectively), Γ Φ(1680) =(175±13±16) MeV and, depending on the possible presence of predominantly constructive or destructive interference between Φ(1680) and continuum production, Γ$^{e^+e^-}_{Φ(1680)}$·$\mathscr{B}$[Φ(1680)→ηΦ] and $\mathscr{B}$[Φ(1680)→ηΦ] are determined to be (75 ±10 ±11) eV and (25±12±2)% or (207±16±20) eV and (23 ±10 ±2)%, respectively. The upper limit for Γ$^{e^+e^-}_{Φ(2170)}$·$\mathscr{B}$[Φ(2170) → ηΦ] is determined to be either 0.17 or 18.6 eV at the 90% confidence level.
Measurements of the branching fractions B ( B ¯ 0 → D * + π - ) and B ( B ¯ 0 → D * + K - ) and tests of QCD factorization
Using (771.6 ± 10.6) × 10 6 $B\overline{B}$ meson pairs recorded by the Belle experiment at the KEKB e + e - collider, we report the branching fractions $\mathscr{B}$($\overline{B}$ 0 → D* + π - ) = (2.62 ± 0.02 ± 0.09 X 10 -3 and $\mathscr{B}$($\overline{B}$ 0 → D* + K - ) = (2.22 ± 0.06 ± 0.08) × 10 -4 ; the quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. A measurement of the ratio of these branching fractions is also presented, R K/π = $\mathscr{B}$($\overline{B}$ → D* + K - )/ $\mathscr{B}$($\overline{B}$ → D* + π - ) = (8.41 ± 0.24 ± 0.13) × 10 -2 , where systematic uncertainties due to the D* + meson reconstruction cancel out. Furthermore, we report a new QCD factorization test based on the measured ratios for $\overline{B}$ → D* + h - and $\overline{B}$ → D* + ℓ - $v$ decays at squared momentum transfer values equivalent to the mass of the h = π or K hadron. The parameters |a 1 (h)| are measured to be |a 1 (π)| = 0.884 ± 0.004 ± 0.003 ± 0.016 and |a 1 (K)| = 0.913 ± 0.019 ± 0.008 ± 0.013, where the last uncertainties account for all external inputs. These values are approximately 15% lower than those expected from theoretical predictions. Subsequently, flavor SU(3) symmetry is tested by measuring the ratios for pions and kaons, |a 1 (K)| 2 /|a 1 (π) 2 | = 1.066 ± 0.042 ± 0.018 ± 0.023, as well as for different particle species. The ratio is consistent with unity and therefore no evidence for SU(3) symmetry breaking effects is found at the 5% precision level.