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Carpenter, R. T.

Publications and source records attributed to Carpenter, R. T..

Improvement of ion thruster design

Two types of measurements were performed on ion thrustors equipped with SmCo magnets in either ring cusp or line cusp arrangements. Langmuir probes were used to measure plasma potential, electron density, and electron temperture in all regions inside the thruster. Loss fluxes to various surfaces were determined by measuring the currents to foils attached to or imbedded in the surface. Data were obtained for several sets of discharge voltages and currents. The loss currents were determined from current vs voltage characteristics observed on a transistor curve tracer oscilloscope. Both ion and electron currents were measured to all parts of the walls and to all parts of the cathode assembly using collecting plates. These measurement were also made for various parameter sets. In line cusp configuration the plasma density is essentially as predicted by existing calculations. In the ring cusp arrangement the interior of the plasma contains an inhomogeneous and relatively large magnetic field so the geometry is decidely two-dimensional and the models of Self (1967) and of Kino and Sham (1966) do not agree.

Carpenter, R. T.

Plasma characteristics of a 17 cm diameter line-cusp ion thruster

A 17 cm line cusp argon ion thruster has been subjected to a variety of tests using collecting probes in an attempt to determine and understand its plasma properties. Plasma density, space potential and electron temperature have been mapped throughout the interior of the device for several sets of operating conditions. Electron and ion losses have been measured in and near the cusps. Correlations between interior plasma properties and external parameters such as discharge current and beam current are made where appropriate and are found to be understandable in terms of basic plasma concepts. However, a simple model, which cannot account for spatial variations of the plasma parameters, is not able to predict the performance of the device. Directions for further work are discussed.

Carpenter, R. T.

Space nuclear power systems

Space nuclear power systems are considered for use in those particular spacecraft applications for which nuclear power systems offer unique advantages over solar and/or chemical space power systems. Both isotopic and reactor heated space electrical power units are described in an attempt to illustrate their operating characteristics, spacecraft integration aspects, and factory-to-end of mission operational considerations. The status of technology developments in nuclear power systems is presented. Some projections of those technologies are made to form a basis for the applications of space nuclear power systems to be expected over the next 10-15 years.

Carpenter, R. T.