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Carnes, J. G.

Publications and source records attributed to Carnes, J. G..

22 records · Page 2

Variations in the upper stratosphere's ozone profile

The ozone concentration profile was measured on five balloon flights using an instrument which employs the strong absorption in ultraviolet to measure ozone in situ. Altitudes up to 44 km were obtained. All the flights were made during the daytime except for one that was launched at 3 AM local time to obtain a nighttime profile and to observe sunrise effects. Although the measurements were obtained at different times of day and during different seasons, ozone concentrations in the upper stratosphere varied by only a few percent. Quadratic, least squares fits to the data between 34 km and 40 km for the four daytime flights, yield a mean concentration at 37 km of 1.02 x 10 to the 12th power molecules/cu cm with a 2 percent standard deviation. Measurements made through sunrise show a small increase in ozone at 37 km commencing shortly after the beginning of astronomical twilight. The concentration at 37 km returned to predawn levels about 2 1/2 hours later.

Robbins, D. E.↗

The frequency dependence of the viscous component of the magnetic susceptibility of lunar rock and soil samples

The susceptibility of two lunar samples (a soil and a low metamorphic grade breccia) has been measured in a weak field - 0.001 Oe - and as a function of frequency from 0.032 to 1.0 Hz. The measurements were made using a superconducting magnetometer. The results show that the susceptibility decreases linearly with the log of frequency. This observation is in agreement with a theoretical model for viscous decay based on the Neel theory of single-domain and superparamagnetic grains. The relation derived agrees with a model in which there is a uniform distribution of relaxation times.

Hanneken, J. W.↗

The time dependent magnetization of fine-grained iron in lunar breccias

Lunar breccias of low metamorphic grade offer a unique opportunity to investigate the magnetic properties of dispersed fine-grained iron. These rocks exhibit a pronounced time-dependent magnetization whose acquisition and decay are well explained by Neel's single-domain theory. The effect is due to iron grains in the range from 120 to 150 A in diameter, which covers the transition from superparamagnetic to stable single-domain behavior.

Gose, W. A.↗

Magnetism and the history of the moon

All lunar samples measured to date contain a weak but stable remanent magnetization of lunar origin. The magnetization is carried by metallic iron and is considered to be caused by cooling from above the Curie point in the presence of a magnetic field. Although at present the moon does not have a global field, the remanent magnetization of the rock samples and the presence of magnetic anomalies, both on the near and far side of the moon, imply that the moon experienced a magnetic field during some portion of its history. The field could have been generated in a liquid iron core sustaining a self-exciting dynamo, but there are some basic thermal and geochemical objections that need to be resolved.

Strangway, D. W.↗