Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Burbidge, G..
Questions regarding the origin of quasi-stellar objects with their large redshifts are discussed. Evidence concerning the cosmological origin of the redshifts is examined. There appears to be some fairly strong evidence which suggests the presence of noncosmological redshifts. Most astronomers, however, still take the view that all redshifts have a cosmological origin. The different types of evidence currently available are listed in tables.
The most important feature of the extended sources is the double structure characterized in an ideal model by two extended radio-emitting regions situated symmetrically about the nucleus of an optical galaxy or QSO, with a characteristic overall size of about 100 kpc. Not all extended radio sources show this double structure. It has been found that at moderate resolutions about 20% of the well-resolved sources have a core-halo structure. Theoretical proposals for the containment of extended double sources have so far relied either upon self-gravitation of the ejected material or upon assuming the existence of a gaseous intergalactic medium. The advantages and the problems of a model proposed by Burbidge (1967) are discussed, together with the nuclear event serving to release the energy required to make an extended radio source.
Somewhat more than 40 years ago Hubble and Humason conclusively established that the redshifts of the galaxies are proportional to their apparent brightnesses. With this discovery came the general conclusion that the redshifts were due to the Doppler effect and that the universe is expanding. The discovery of QSOs with large redshifts led to the conclusion that if the redshifts were measures of distance the objects were at immense distances and in general some 50 times brighter than most luminous galaxies. Arguments for and against the cosmological redshift hypothesis are evaluated, giving attention to QSO variability, questions of relativistic expansion, the redshift-apparent magnitude diagram, the redshift-angular diameter relation, the distribution of redshifts, multiple redshifts, and distance measurements in extragalactic astronomy.
The idea that many if not most of the powerful galactic X-ray sources are generated in binary star systems containing at least one exotic object with gas is examined. Past studies lending support to this hypothesis are reviewed, and major features of galactic X-ray sources that require explanations are delineated. Attention is given to conclusions gained from optical studies of close binaries and to promising areas of further investigation stemming from the concept of binary stars as X-ray sources.
Galaxies chemical evolution and aging mechanisms, considering He nucleosynthesis, galactic nuclei and clusters dense core origin
Available evidence on the chemical composition of the Magellanic Clouds (when compared to the Galaxy) is not sufficient for a detailed theory of the chemical evolution of the Clouds to be developed at present. However, this evidence is thus far compatible with the view that much of the material of the Clouds went through a considerable amount of nucleosynthesis early in its history. The Clouds could once have been part of the Galaxy, or they could have formed as satellites when the protogalaxy condensed. The general problem of the chemical evolution is tied closely to the problem of galaxy formation which remains unsolved.
Discrete galactic and extragalactic X ray and gamma ray sources observation, discussing energy spectra, emission mechanisms, properties and suggested models
Condensed supernova remnants in Crab Nebula, considering various hypotheses for radio source
Absorption and emission redshift distribution in quasars, N systems and similar compact and radio galaxies
Radio source model applied to small sources of high surface brightness occurring at great distances from explosion centers
Coincidences in measured positions of absorption lines in spectra of quasi-stellar objects
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Absorption wavelengths of QSOs, noting relatively large red shifts
Quasi-stellar objects analyzed stressing theory of local versus cosmological phenomenon
Violent events in galaxies releasing high energies as possible sources of primary cosmic ray flux, radio sources, high energy particles, etc