Engineering topics

Bian, Jianming

Publications and source records attributed to Bian, Jianming.

9 records

DOE OSTI2023

Interpretable Joint Event-Particle Reconstruction for Neutrino Physics at NOvA with Sparse CNNs and Transformers

The complex events observed at the NOvA long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment contain vital information for understanding the most elusive particles in the standard model. The NOvA detectors observe interactions of neutrinos from the NuMI beam at Fermilab. Associating the particles produced in these interaction events to their source particles, a process known as reconstruction, is critical for accurately measuring key parameters of the standard model. Events may contain several particles, each producing sparse high-dimensional spatial observations, and current methods are limited to evaluating individual particles. To accurately label these numerous, high-dimensional observations, we present a novel neural network architecture that combines the spatial learning enabled by convolutions with the contextual learning enabled by attention. This joint approach, TransformerCVN, simultaneously classifies each event and reconstructs every individual particle's identity. TransformerCVN classifies events with 90% accuracy and improves the reconstruction of individual particles by 6% over baseline methods which lack the integrated architecture of TransformerCVN. In addition, this architecture enables us to perform several interpretability studies which provide insights into the network's predictions and show that TransformerCVN discovers several fundamental principles that stem from the standard model.

Shmakov, Alexander↗

DOE OSTI2023

The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe standard model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF’s physics potential.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2022

Experiments and Facilities for Accelerator-Based Dark Sector Searches

This paper provides an overview of experiments and facilities for accelerator-based dark matter searches as part of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021). Companion white papers to this paper present the physics drivers: thermal dark matter, visible dark portals, and new flavors and rich dark sectors.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2021

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2021

Detector Instrumentation, Energy Reconstruction and Data Analysis in the DUNE and NOvA Neutrino Experiments

Neutrino oscillations are so far the only experimental observation beyond the standard model since its development four decades ago. The remaining fundamental questions that can be answered by long-baseline neutrino oscillations are (1) the CP violation (whether neutrinos and antineutrinos behave the same way in oscillation), and (2) the mass hierarchy ($m_3>m_{1,2}$ or $m_{1,2}>m_3$), and (3) the octant of $\theta_{23}$ ($\theta_{23}>45^\circ, =45^\circ$ or $<45^\circ$). The PI's group at UCI focuses on long-baseline neutrino experiments DUNE and NOvA, key components of DOE's Intensity Frontier program. NOvA is the current major U.S.-based long-baseline neutrino experiment aiming to solve the mass hierarchy and $\theta_{23}$ octant. It is taking $\nu$ and $\bar{\nu}$ data from the NuMI beam at Fermilab. DUNE is the next-generation flagship neutrino experiment in the U.S. which is designed to decisively determine neutrino CP violation, mass hierarchy and $\theta_{23}$ octant. DUNE is Fermilab's first priority, and has been established as an international collaboration. During the period covered by the report, the PI's group has been exceptionally productive, with leading contributions to DUNE argon-purity monitoring detectors, NOvA/DUNE deep-learning reconstruction, and NOvA oscillation and near detector (ND) analyses. The group also is actively involved in DUNE/NOvA detector operation, data production, calibration, software upgrade and maintenance, and ProtoDUNE cold electronic QA/QC. Specifically, we have made accomplishments in the following four research projects: 1) Purity monitor R\&D and data analysis for DUNE, 2) Deep-learning-based energy reconstruction at NOvA and DUNE, 3) Oscillation analysis at NOvA, and 4) $\nu$-e elastic scattering analysis at NOvA.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2020

Volume I. Introduction to DUNE

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE's physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2020

Volume III. DUNE far detector technical coordination

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2020

Volume IV. The DUNE far detector single-phase technology

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. Central to achieving DUNE's physics program is a far detector that combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with sub-centimeter spatial resolution in its ability to image those events, allowing identification of the physics signatures among the numerous backgrounds. In the single-phase liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, ionization charges drift horizontally in the liquid argon under the influence of an electric field towards a vertical anode, where they are read out with fine granularity. A photon detection system supplements the TPC, directly enhancing physics capabilities for all three DUNE physics drivers and opening up prospects for further physics explorations. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume IV presents an overview of the basic operating principles of a single-phase LArTPC, followed by a description of the DUNE implementation. Each of the subsystems is described in detail, connecting the high-level design requirements and decisions to the overriding physics goals of DUNE.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2020

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume II: DUNE Physics

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume II of this TDR, DUNE Physics, describes the array of identified scientific opportunities and key goals. Crucially, we also report our best current understanding of the capability of DUNE to realize these goals, along with the detailed arguments and investigations on which this understanding is based. This TDR volume documents the scientific basis underlying the conception and design of the LBNF/DUNE experimental configurations. As a result, the description of DUNE's experimental capabilities constitutes the bulk of the document. Key linkages between requirements for successful execution of the physics program and primary specifications of the experimental configurations are drawn and summarized. This document also serves a wider purpose as a statement on the scientific potential of DUNE as a central component within a global program of frontier theoretical and experimental particle physics research. Thus, the presentation also aims to serve as a resource for the particle physics community at large.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗